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What is an internal versus an external attribution? Olivier . /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] -Simple tasks: surrounded by people during a simple task makes us perform better Stereotype, as a phenomenon, has become a standard topic in sociology and social psychology.[14]. /Type /Page /Type /Group Known as the knowledge deficit model, this point of view is based on idealistic assumptions that education for science literacy could increase public support of science, and the focus of science communication should be increasing scientific understanding among lay public. -"I told the other participant I liked the task and I got pad only one dollar to do so, so I must've actually liked it". [22] However, as Lau and Redlawsk note, acting as cognitive miser who employs heuristics can have very different results for high-information and low-informationvoters. traits associated with the stereotype. Narcissism Individual differences variable character ized by extremely high but insecure levels of self-esteem. De Neys . /Footnote /Note Thus, people usually do not think rationally, but use cognitive shortcuts to make inferences and form judgments and only engage in careful, thoughtful processing when necessary. To save cognitive energy, cognitive misers tend to assume that other people are similar to themselves. >> concept, type of stimulus). endobj 269273 . Cognitive miser - Wikiwand -Treatment: appoint a devils advocate. 18 . /Keywords (Social Cognition From Brains to Culture;Fiske;2nd Edition;Test Bank) /BaseFont /Times#20New#20Roman [2] According to this theory, people employ either shortcuts or thoughtful analysis based upon the context and salience of a particular issue. << Popkin's analysis is based on one main premise: voters use low information rationality gained in their daily lives, through the media and through personal interactions, to evaluate candidates and facilitate electoral choices. (1950s) a. How does social facilitation affect the performance of tasks that are simple/well practiced? /S /Transparency Everything you always wanted to know. students and group work, are you assertive? A history of social cognition. - APA PsycNET Gordon . 20 0 obj On what dimensions do cultures differ? How do responses on the TST illustrate the characteristics of different cultures? If the statement is always true, explain why. People's behavior is not based on direct and certain knowledge, but pictures made or given to them. 2 [91 0 R 92 0 R 93 0 R 94 0 R 95 0 R 96 0 R 97 0 R 98 0 R 99 0 R 100 0 R /Subtype /Type1 /ca 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 continued demands and government responses are therefore unfair, racism is wrong, my beliefs are not racist they are based on facts System 2 may also have no clue to the error. When processing with System 2, people allocate attention to effortful mental activities required, and can construct thoughts in an orderly series of steps. 70413 lego Top 5 Produkte unter der Lupe! -In group: (us) In what ways can economic and political competition affect prejudice and discrimination? /GS7 27 0 R 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ], People tend to use heuristic shortcuts when making decisions. [35], The theory that human beings are cognitive misers, also shed light on the dualprocesstheory in psychology. /GS8 28 0 R /S /Transparency naive scientist cognitive miser motivated tactician Consistency seeker we want consistency between prior beliefs about the world and our interpretations of new situations Naive scientist individuals gather relevant information un-selectively and construct social reality in an unbiased way Cognitive miser /S /Transparency >> How fundamental is the fundamental attribution theory? /Type /Page /Tabs /S /CS /DeviceRGB /Parent 2 0 R [23], Cognitive misers could also be one of the contributors to the prisoner's dilemma in gaming theory. ETSU Online Programs - http://www.etsu.edu/onlineModule 4 - Social Psychology: Cognitive Misers, Schemas, & Social CognitionMOD 04 EP 15 26 0 obj /StructParents 12 miser 2) cognitive load = heuristics don't require much thought, can be made on 'availability' eg. Question 7 15 15 points what general approach to How did the experimenters increase inter-group hostility between the two groups of boys? With efficiency as the key consideration in decision making, the cognitive miser uses mental shortcuts in appraising decision problems. ] Define 'groupthink' and describe its symptoms and impact on decision making. 9 [262 0 R 263 0 R 264 0 R 265 0 R 266 0 R 267 0 R 268 0 R 269 0 R 270 0 R 271 0 R /Subtype /TrueType >> [36] These two cognitive processing systems are not separate and can have interactions with each other. /GS7 27 0 R Information from the outside world i Negativity bias refers to the notion that, even when of equal intensity, things of a more negative nature have a greater effect on one's psychological state Schema is concept by J. Piaget, it is a mental structure for representing concepts stored in the memory (Ajideh, 2003). [28] [29] The less expertise citizens have on an issue initially, the more likely they will rely on these shortcuts. /F4 24 0 R Overview cognitive miser Quick Reference An interpretation of stereotypes as psychological mechanisms that economize on the time and effort spent on information processing by simplifying social reality, which would otherwise overwhelm our cognitive capacities with its complexity. /Font << >> /GS7 27 0 R Question 7 1.5 / 1.5 points What general approach to studying and thinking about person perception assumes that people will generally put in little effort to thinking about the causes of other people's behavior? The process of understanding what something is by knowing That is, habitual cooperators assume most of the others as cooperators, and habitual defectors assume most of the others as defectors. 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R] << (PDF) Street Teaching in the Tenderloin | SRI ANAH - Academia.edu What role does motivation to be right or to feel good play? /F3 23 0 R variability, when the category is. Price$8,0007,0006,0005,0004,0003,0002,0001,000Quantity5,000diamonds6,0007,0008,0009,00010,00011,00012,000. /F3 23 0 R /Widths [250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 333 333 Social Cognitive Psychology : History and Current Domains - Google Books >> The meaning seeker theory reject both metaphors of human cognitive behaviors of cognitive miser and motivated tactician. What is the actor-observer bias? /F6 26 0 R [30] Further, people spend less cognitive effort in buying toothpaste than they do when picking a new car, and that difference in information-seeking is largely a function of the costs.[31]. >> /Type /Font << /ModDate (D:20160705122909+07'00') 3 [114 0 R 115 0 R 116 0 R 117 0 R 118 0 R 119 0 R 120 0 R 121 0 R 122 0 R 123 0 R 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 What is the dual process model of persuasion? This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. What is the Sensation vs Perception Bias? /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] /Font << "[19] In their work, Kahneman and Tversky demonstrated that people rely upon different types of heuristics or mental short cuts in order to save time and mental energy. /StructParents 7 -Social comparison: idea that we learn about our own abilities and attitudes by comparing ourselves to other people [3] This view holds that evolution makes the brain's allocation and use of cognitive resources extremely embarrassing. endobj c. Cognitive miser model d. Nave scientist model 6. [39][originalresearch? /CS /DeviceRGB >> Contrast the wage and salary share to the profit share in terms of relative size. What is deindividuation? [21] Unless the cognitive environment meets certain requirements, we will try to avoid thinking as much as possible. Unfortunately for this moral responsibility refuge, natural science has now scouted this cognitive corner. 149 0 R 150 0 R 151 0 R 152 0 R 153 0 R 154 0 R 155 0 R 156 0 R 157 0 R 158 0 R But the problem remains that although these shortcuts could not compare to effortful thoughts in accuracy, people should have a certain parameter to help them adopt one of the most adequate shortcuts. Five general views of the thinker emerge in social psychology: consistency seeker, nave scientist, cognitive miser, motivated tactician, and activated actor. [12], The study of attributions had two effects: it created further interest in testing the naive scientist and opened up a new wave of socialpsychology research that questioned its explanatory power. Hence, influence from external factors are unneglectable in shaping peoples stereotypes. endobj As cognitive simplification, it is useful for realistic economic management, otherwise people will be overwhelmed by the complexity of the real rationales. as a representative of a group or an individual separate from any category In this chapter, we present the multiple knowing processes evolved to enable the tactical flexibility to pursue diverse goals.. /FirstChar 32 [1] Just as a miser seeks to avoid spending money, the human mind often seeks to avoid spending cognitive effort. You should be drawing on discussions of attribution models, attribution bias . [5] [6] These shortcuts include the use of schemas, scripts, stereotypes, and other simplified perceptual strategies instead of careful thinking. [25][26] However, the relationship between information and attitudes towards scientific issues are not empirically supported. self-interest), BUT even in ideal circumstances, people are not very careful scientists & still make errors, people are limited in capacity to process information, take numerous cognitive shortcuts, MOTIVATED TACTICIAN: people have multiple cognitive strategiesavailable, from which they choose on the basis of personal goals,motives, and needs, e.g. How do we use positive test strategy to test hypotheses? 3,000 & 10,000 \\ On the other hand, in Lippmann's view, people are told about the world before they see it. -Groupthink: mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives What is the purpose of the accounting cycle? /BM /Normal endobj 2U>aQ K/)QCqQ"#G'og|Bc. /Dialogsheet /Part -Threat of isolation: can lead us to behave in self-destructive ways and even impair, -Tendency of group discussion to strengthen the dominant positions held by group members. 25 0 obj We have created a browser extension. /StructTreeRoot 3 0 R Introduce and define the consistency seeker, nave scientist, >> << Why has research focused on European-American prejudice against minority groups? endobj [24], Lack of public support towards emerging techniques are commonly attributed to lack of relevant information and the low scientific literacy among the public. Nathaniel . /InlineShape /Sect /Subtype /Type1 Describe Anchoring & Adjustment Heuristic: audio not yet available for this language, NAIVE SCIENTIST: people use rational scientific-like cause-effectanalyses to understand the world, COGNITIVE MISER: people use the least complex & demandingcognitions that are able to produce generally adaptivebehaviours, IMPRESSION FORMATION: the way in which we developperceptions of a person, Personality Recency: information presented later has more impact thanearlier information, Self schema: individualised knowledge structures about the self, {"cdnAssetsUrl":"","site_dot_caption":"Cram.com","premium_user":false,"premium_set":true,"payreferer":"clone_set","payreferer_set_title":"Week 3 Social Psychology","payreferer_url":"\/flashcards\/copy\/week-3-social-psychology-7549740","isGuest":true,"ga_id":"UA-272909-1","facebook":{"clientId":"363499237066029","version":"v12.0","language":"en_US"}}. What is the "foot-in-the-door" technique? /GS7 27 0 R /Type /Group 238 0 R 239 0 R] /Parent 2 0 R /F4 24 0 R Wim . 722 333 389 722 611 889 722 722 556 722 /Nums [0 [52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R Voting behavior in democracies are an arena in which the cognitive miser is at work. /GS7 27 0 R << /GS7 27 0 R doctor, waitress, lecturer), Social group schemas/stereotypes: knowledge structures aboutsocial groups (e.g. >> One of the more naive efforts at such reconciliation . /F4 24 0 R What is in-group bias? Psychology concepts and studies for a level work, contains everything you will need to know for the exam or if you are doing a btech course pick up the key points and add your own examples, feel free to use this on whatever you need, best used for revision and advanced psychology work at university level, The availability heuristic is responsible for a bias known >> -Cognitive Misers: take shortcuts whenever possible, value ease and efficiency at the expense of accuracy -Motivation: feel good -Post decision dissonance: start like flawed scientists after we're motivated to who'd rather feel right Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion: Central vs. Peripheral >> >> 11 [312 0 R 313 0 R 314 0 R 315 0 R 316 0 R 317 0 R 318 0 R 319 0 R 320 0 R 321 0 R 111 0 R 112 0 R 113 0 R] central traits that affect interpretation of later traits? -When alone, when a situation is physically dangerous for the victim. /Subtype /Type0 7 [218 0 R 219 0 R 220 0 R 221 0 R 222 0 R 223 0 R 224 0 R 225 0 R 226 0 R 227 0 R Applying this framework to human thought processes, nave scientists seek the consistency and stability that comes from a coherent view of the world and need for environmental control. PSYC 137 Chapter 1-6 - Summary Social Cognition: From Brains to Culture Solved Question 33 (Mandatory) (1 point) The perspective - Chegg -Attention: Americans focus on objects, Japanese focused on the context (spatial orientation) When processing with System 1 which start automatically without control, people expend little or even no effort, but can generate complex patterns of ideas. It is an important concept in socialcognition theory and has been influential in other social sciences such as economics and political science. /Type /ExtGState /F1 21 0 R 333 0 R 334 0 R 335 0 R 336 0 R 337 0 R 338 0 R 339 0 R 340 0 R 341 0 R 342 0 R /Contents 39 0 R /Resources << A2 Psychology Concepts and studies and advanced psychology /Parent 2 0 R 23 0 obj /GS8 28 0 R Social Psychology 1 Flashcards /F3 23 0 R -Between groups: overestimate differences, view the other groups as more homogeneous. 5,000 & 8,000 \\ /Parent 2 0 R 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 278] [37] In Fiske's subsequent research, the omission of the role of intent in the metaphor of cognitive miser is recognized. >> /StructParents 0 >> *P?9-(A4wP"gr=I @OkZR+tfOBT$!/47(}X0N>q*0@pa 6G$B3WG$ucj?d7tN%1LiWmqw orY;M#a~)vTiU o2"yHaUr@JiilHcGo'5"I;Y?D-'y~ Here is an example of how people's belief are formed under the dual process model in several steps: The reasoning process can be activated to help with the intuition when: Conflicts also exists in this dual-process. [8] In this way, humans were thought to think like scientists, albeit nave ones, measuring and analyzing the world around them. If not, give a counterexample. New York . endobj /F4 24 0 R ->Eastern: connectedness, harmony, commonality, holistic thinking, duties and obligations. 313 0 R 314 0 R 315 0 R 316 0 R 317 0 R 318 0 R 319 0 R 320 0 R 321 0 R 322 0 R A large share of the world supply of diamonds comes from Russia and South Africa. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 What are some real world consequences of attributions? . Please select the correct language below. Which is viewed as more heterogeneous? /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] The meaning seeker theory reject both metaphors of human cognitive behaviors of cognitive miser and motivated tactician. What is the difference between them? Cookie policy. That's it. /GS8 28 0 R The basic principle is to save mental energy as much as possible, even when it is required to "use your head". Built within the framework of self-categorization, researchers believe that people employ categorical thinking to make sense of the social world.
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