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In 701 BC, the Assyrians, headed by Sennacherib invaded Judah, the Southern Kingdom of Israel, because of their disobedience to God. in length. When Nehemiah took this responsibility, by God's help and through his effective leadership, the walls of Jerusalem were rebuilt only in 52 days. Others conclude from the archaeological finds (or rather, the dearth thereof) that Jerusalem in Persian times was a very small settlement, not including the western hill, impoverished, unwalled, insignificant. Learn how and when to remove these template messages, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "WH Committee: 1st Extraordinary Session, Paris 1981", Selections from the Tell El-Amarna letters, "Building inscription commemorating the rebuilding of the walls of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Ottoman period, 1535-1538, Stone, Israel Antiquities Authority, IAA: 1942-265, Archaeology/Islamic Art & Archaeology", Tancred's Tower / Qasr Jalud (Goliath's Castle), Institute for International Urban Development, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Walls_of_Jerusalem&oldid=1142505729. Another burial ground was located in the Mamilla area, west of the current Jaffa Gate (Reich 1994). According to the Book of Nehemiah, the walls of Jerusalem lay in ruins until the fifth century B.C.E., when Nehemiah returned to Jerusalem as the provincial governor and completed the repairs of the walls that had begun under Ezra. So I went to Jerusalem and was there three days. Solomon, David's son, built the First Temple on the hilltop rising right above the city he had inherited, the Temple Mount, and then extended the city walls in order to protect the temple. Another point is the size and function of Jerusalem during the Persian period. The wall of Jerusalem is broken down, and its gates are destroyed by fire.". The biblical books Nehemiah 2 and 3 relay the story of Nehemiahs trip around the destroyed town of Jerusalem and of the rebuilding of its fortifications. This expansion also included some additional wall construction on the north side of the city walls. Why is a broken-down wall such a big deal? 10 And David became greater and greater, for the Lord, the God of hosts, was with him. After David died, Solomon built the Temple Mount Platform on Mt. And the king and his men went to Jerusalem against the Jebusites, the inhabitants of the land, who said to David, You will not come in here, but the blind and the lame will ward you offthinking, David cannot come in here. 7 Nevertheless, David took the stronghold of Zion, that is, the city of David. The walls surrounding the Old City encompass an area of barely a third of a square mile (1 sq. In this map the walls surround the southeastern hill and the Temple Mount only; it is assumed that other parts of the Late Iron Age city were not reconstructed. Fatigue (Pagkapagod) The Walls that Nehemiah Built: The Town of Jerusalem in the Persian Period, Many biblical scholars have been allured by these texts to sketch a map of the city based on the descriptions therein - see for instance, https://medium.com/@chrisvonada/the-courage-and-calling-of-nehemiah-1b64df490373. JUST WONDERING. NEHEMIAH AND THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE WALL Jerusalem had been completely destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar army. M. L. Steiner, `The Palace of David Reconsidered in the Light of Earlier Excavations, op http://www.bibleinterp.com/articles/palace_2468.shtml (2009). Some people might think, our church is fine the way it is, why worry about ten years from now? By Margreet L. Steiner Under his leadership and with a small Jewish population, the walls of Jerusalem were rebuilt to dimensions similar to Solomons day. Nehemiah's Gates - Life in a Dying World Captivity in Babylon to Rebuilding of Jerusalem's Walls - JW.ORG Nehemiah 3:1 in all English translations. The walls were still in ruin 140 years later when Nehemiah came to Jerusalem. It was a massive undertaking and measured around 2.5 miles (4 km.) In the month of Chislev (kiz-lev), in the twentieth year, while I was in Susa the capital, 2one of my brothers, Hanani (hah-nay-nee), came with certain men from Judah; and I asked them about the Jews that survived, those who had escaped the captivity, and about Jerusalem. According to Oded Lipschits (2009) Jerusalem was a temple city. Further north on the hill Kenyon found a smaller tower with part of a wall that according to her originated from the Persian era. When Nehemiah heard that the walls of Jerusalem were broken down, he asked the king's permission to rebuild the temple of Jerusalem. In 1202 to 1212 Saladin's nephew, Al-Malik al-Mu'azzam 'Isa, ordered the reconstruction of the city walls, but later on, in 1219, he reconsidered the situation after most of the watchtowers had been built and had the walls torn down, mainly because he feared that the Crusaders would benefit of the fortifications if they managed to reconquer the city. It took the water from the Gihon Spring under the mountain to the Pool of Siloam below the city. (Photo Chamberi / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)). Agrippa I (r. 4144 CE) later began the construction of the Third Wall, which was completed just at the beginning of the First JewishRoman War. History of Jerusalem's Walls & Gates - holylandsite The Old City is home to three major shrines of the world\\'s religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Why did Nehemiah rebuild the walls of Jerusalem? Darius the Great Inscription Found in Israel - Israel Today During its long history, Jerusalem has been destroyed twice, besieged 23 times, attacked 52 times, and captured and recaptured 44 times. Or was it a small undefended settlement in which only the local temple had any significance? Upon their reconstruction, much of the southern part of the ancient city, including the City of David, was left outside the new walls. How long did it take to rebuild Jerusalem? - KnowledgeBurrow.com Nehemiah 3 CEV;NIV;KJV - Rebuilding the Wall of Jerusalem -These Unfortunately, the Bible texts remain vague on the exact location of these structures. Courtesy Nathan Steinmeyer. The many Yehud stamp impressions indicate inclusion in an economic network, the exact nature of which still eludes us. The walls of Jerusalem had been destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar in 586 BC. 17 Then I said to them, "You see the trouble we are in. He can see that rebuilding the wall of Jerusalem is a restoration job on several levels. How far does - or can - archaeology render this plausible? G. Barkay, Excavations at Ketef Hinnom in Jerusalem, in: In: H. Geva, (ed.). Courtesy Nathan Steinmeyer. Perhaps it rather encompasses all the destroyed city gates of Jerusalem, including those around the western hill. Today, this water tunnel is known as Hezekiahs Tunnel. The officials did not know where I had gone or what I was doing; I had not yet told the Jews, the priests, the nobles, the officials, & the rest that were to do the work. He stands before them, knowing what the problems are, but ready to begin the hard work of rebuilding & this encourages & gives hope to the people. He leaves the settlement through the Valley Gate and then rides on his donkey in the direction of the Jackal Well and Dung Gate. Source: Chronological Reference Points,Middle East Insight, January-February 1999. So I went up by way of the valley by night & inspected the wall. Who Rebuilt The Temple In Jerusalem After The Exile? The 5 Detailed One of the burial chambers contained, for instance, a silver Greek coin from the end of the 6th century BC, the Early Persian period. It is home to nearly 40,000 people and hosts dozens of Christian, Muslim, and Jewish holy sites. But that did not make Jerusalem a large or prosperous town. Nehemiah was the cupbearer to the Persian emperor Artaxerxes I, the most powerful ruler of that time. In the Late Hellenistic period that construction then was rebuilt or restored and the older wall was not visible anymore. Plan of Jerusalem in the Iron Age. Like Churchill, Nehemiah begins by stating how bad the problem truly is, looking not only at the wall but at their vulnerability without it. If our plans are not based on reality or the facts its highly unlikely our plans will be successful. 2006. The Walls of Jerusalem through the Centuries a Timeline - Wayne Stiles Jerusalem in the Time of Nehemiah Map Rebuilding of the Walls around Jerusalem in the Second Temple period by Nehemiah The entire city of Jerusalem, including the Temple, was destroyed in c. 586 B.C. The Byzantine walls mostly followed the lines and foundations of the earlier walls from the Second Temple period. `The Borders and de Facto Size of Jerusalem in the Persian Period, in O. Lipschits and M. Oeming (eds. Why did sanballat and tobiah opposed nehemiah? The job is bigger than he first suspected. The king, who had not seen me sad before,<br><br>2 He asked, "Why is there sadness on your face? Nehemiah's brother came from Judah with bad news: 'The people who returned to Jerusalem are not safe. A portion of this "broad wall" still stands in today's Jewish Quarter. Excavations at the Summit of the City of David. Now it happened in the month of Chislev, in the twentieth year, as I was in Susa the citadel, 2 that Hanani, one of my brothers, came with certain men from Judah. Why so long to rebuild the wall? Your email address will not be published. 1 The words of Nehemiah son of Hacaliah. 3 They replied, 'The survivors there in the province who escaped captivity are in great . This page was last edited on 2 March 2023, at 19:52. By submitting above, you agree to our privacy policy. In the 16th century, Suleiman decided to rebuild the city walls on much of the remains of the ancient walls that already existed. The only animal I took was the animal I rode. First Temple-era walls, razed in biblical account, found unbreached in But perhaps there is more factuality in the picture the book of Nehemiah sketches than is sometimes suggested. The walls are demolished, the gates reduced to ashes. Jerusalem in the Time of Nehemiah Map - Second Temple Jerusalem A highly motivated amateur built Noahs Ark. Are you rebelling against the king? Then I replied to them, The God of heaven is the one who will give us success, & we his servants are going to start building; but you have no share or claim or historic right in Jerusalem.. Such tombs belonged to wealthy families, who buried their dead there for centuries. We heard in Nehemiah 1 how Nehemiah inquired about the situation in Jerusalem (verses 2-3), empathized with those who were hurting (verse 4), humbled himself before God (verse 4) & prayed (verses 5-11) expressing adoration to God (v. 5), confessing his nations sin to the Lord (verses 6-7)), & petitioning God for help (verses 8-11). As cupbearer it was his duty to taste wine from the kings cup before handing the cup personally to the king, a guarantee that the wine was not poisoned. It was called Hezekiahs Broad Wall by archaeologists because of its width. 2011). With prayer, common sense, fervent speeches & brilliant planning, this godly leader motivated the Israelites to complete the reconstruction of the walls of Jerusalem despite severe opposition. ), Ancient Jerusalem Revealed, Jerusalem 1994, 85-106. This was some 47 years after the temple was finished. M. L. Steiner, `The City of David as a Palimpsest, in L. Niesioowski-Span and E. Pfoh (eds. Often when we face a challenge, information can be plentiful but motivation is lacking. When I look at what is happening in our nation, I am seriously concerned that there is little to no concern for the common good as so many leaders & members of every political party seem more focused on power & money than what is for the long term common good of our country. The General got off his horse and entered through the gate on foot, to show respect for the city. Upon hearing that the wall of Jerusalem was down and destroyed, along with the gates being burned down, Nehemiah cried. But he is a man of vision. Around the city several tombs carved into the rock have been found that show a continuity from the Late Iron Age onwards. Nehemiah knows there will be opposition so he waits to share what God has put on his heart to do. King Darius is mentioned by name in the Bible in the books Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah, Haggai and Zechariah. With what decree did the 490 years of Daniel 9 begin? - From Daniel to New migrants were sent from the Persian Empire to Yehud to expand the agricultural production necessary for the army, and a governor was appointed with ancestral ties to the area (Nehemiah). Nehemiah 2:11-15 recounts how the prophet arrives in Jerusalem and immediately sets out in the night with some of his men to inspect the town walls. K. A. Ristau, Reconstructing Jerusalem: Persian Period Prophetic Perspectives, University Park, Pa, 2016. Who first built the walls of Jerusalem? Nehemiah is commissioned to return to Jerusalem to oversee the rebuilding of the wall of Jerusalem that still laid in ruin. God allowed most of Judah to be conquered but protected Jerusalem because of Hezekiahs obedience to Him. G. Barkay, Excavations at Ketef Hinnom in Jerusalem, in: In: H. Geva, (ed. He places this project in the context of strengthening the interests of the Persian empire vis a vis the growing threat from Greece and Egypt. Nehemiah 3 is even more specific. The excavations of Kathleen Kenyon. Submitted by Jason Silverman on Sun, 11/28/2021 - 12:20. Nehemiah 3:1 GNT - Rebuilding the Wall of Jerusalem - This - Bible Gateway When the Babylonians conquered and destroyed Jerusalem in 586 BC, they also destroyed the walls and burned the gates with fire. the southern kingdom was conquered by the Babylonians, and Solomon's Temple was destroyed. Hezekiah also built a water tunnel in order to keep the water from the Gihon Spring inside the city walls so the Assyrians couldnt cut off the water supply (2 Chron. ), who carried out lavish building activities throughout Jerusalem and the region, including the construction of the Temple Mount, the site of Herodium, and the port city of Caesarea Maritima. Take a video tour atop the walls of the Old City. Nehemiah Rebuilds the Walls of Jerusalem: July 18th-24th - Latter Day Kids And David built the city all around from the Millo inward. The trip continues to the Fountain Gate and the King's Pool. Yet in 1219, the Ayyubids, fearing the Crusaders would regain the city, demolished the walls of Jerusalem to keep such a fortified position from falling into Crusader hands. Nehemiah's wall uncovered - The Jerusalem Post Archaeologist have not been silent either. Israel Finkelstein (2008), for example, sees Jerusalem of Persian and Early Hellenistic times as a small village without walls, with at most a few hundred inhabitants. on The Man Who Rebuilt Jerusalem Nehemiah 2:11-20, https://brewsterbaptistchurch.org/audio/08032014.mp3. In the month of Chislev, in the twentieth year, while I was in Susa the capital, 2 one of my brothers, Hanani, came with certain men from Judah; and I asked them about the Jews that survived, those who had escaped the captivity, and about Jerusalem. One of Sultan Suleimans greatest projects was the restoration of the walls of Jerusalem. The call to action is the third element of Nehemiahs speech & in it Nehemiahs confidence is contagious. Although little has been found of the town itself, some finds suggest the presence of wealthy inhabitants, such as the rich elite graves that have been uncovered. As Hezekiah began to prepare for what he knew would be a terrible siege by a merciless Assyrian war machine, he had to figure out how to protect his people. Blessing: Now may you go from this time of worship to serve the God who is ready to forgive, gracious & merciful, slow to anger & abounding in steadfast love. Remains of its walls are located above the Siloam Tunnel. 3 And they said to me, "The remnant . The curving tunnel is 583 yards (533 m.) long and has a fall of 12 inches (30 cm.) Nehemiah 3:1 According to the following report, the rebuilding of the wall started at the middle of the north side and proceeded counterclockwise around the city. 1 Kings 9:24 Verse Concepts As soon as Pharaoh's daughter came up from the city of David to her house which Solomon had built for her, then he built the Millo. Or was it an unimportant, undefended settlement, in which only the local temple still had any meaning? He returns to Jerusalem with a group of exiles and begins rebuilding the wall, meeting opposition along the way. Due to this dearth of material, interpretations are becoming increasingly important. Nehemiah is the kind of leader we need in our nation & in the world today. Nehemiah's brother came from Judah with bad news: 'The people who returned to Jerusalem are not safe. The wall of Jerusalem is broken down, and its gates have been burned with fire." When Jerusalem was destroyed by the Babylonians, Nehemiah went to the king Artaxerxes Longinus of Persia, and received a crucial for . All in all, archaeological research has not found any actual Persian fortifications but at most indirect evidence for their construction. 2:3). He doesnt play the visiting political official saying, You people are in a mess, & Ive come to help you. Rather he says, You see the trouble we are in, how Jerusalem lies in ruins with its gates burned. These walls were built by Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent in the sixteenth century, roughly following the course of the walls built by the Romans to encircle Jerusalem in the second century. There was no animal with [1] [2] The walls are visible on most old maps of Jerusalem over the last 1,500 years. But irrespective of whether those walls did or did not exist, in my opinion Jerusalem was not as desolate as is sometimes assumed, both before and after the arrival of Nehemiah. PDF Overcoming Discouragement Nehemiah's 5 Remedies to Discouragement (Neh. How many times was the Temple in Jerusalem destroyed and rebuilt? Nehemiah 1. Nehemiah 6:1516: So the wall was finished on the twenty-fifth day of the month Elul, in fifty-two days. Ironically, rather than raising peoples feelings of fear & anxiety; facing the brutal facts can have a remarkable impact on peoples confidence & motivation. Both I and my family have sinned. These walls were largely destroyed in 1033, however, when a major earthquake struck the city. Nehemiah 1:13: Now it happened in the month of Chislev, in the twentieth year, as I was in Susa the citadel, 2 that Hanani, one of my brothers, came with certain men from Judah. km.). 4, 8, 'The first month, which according to the Macedonians is called Xanthicus, but according to us Nisan.' Its meaning is uncertain; according to some its root-idea is . The "gate" is a large, L-shaped open space. PayPal does not require you to create a PayPal account to use your credit card. Despite evidence of permanent settlement dating back to at least the Early Bronze Age (c. 33002300 B.C.E. These walls were built by Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent in the sixteenth century, roughly following the course of the walls built by the Romans to encircle Jerusalem in the second century. Just like their builder, however, the modern walls can only be described as magnificent. The story can speak to each of us today as we desire to rebuild communities of faith and hope in the wake of the . Who destroyed the walls of Jerusalem that Nehemiah rebuilt? 2006. Nehemiah's Wall - Biblical Archaeology Truth Nehemiah - Rebuilding the Walls of Jerusalem - amazon.com [8][9] The tower as well as the entire city wall were long destroyed by the time the Ottoman Turks built theirs, possibly since 1219 when Ayyubid ruler Al-Mu'azzam Isa razed most of the city fortifications.[9]. Around 130 C.E., the city of Jerusalem was rebuilt by Emperor Hadrian as a Roman settlement and renamed Aelia Capitolina. added to the walls of Jerusalem again with the construction of the Third Wall, which was completed shortly before the First Jewish Revolt, during which the walls were almost completely destroyed by the Romans. Temple Of Jerusalem - Description, History, Of major importance was the rebuilding of the Second Temple begun by Herod the Great, king (37 bce -4 ce) of Judaea. He sees not only the reality of what is, but what can be. He can see that rebuilding the wall of Jerusalem is a restoration job on several levels. Nehemiah then requested and obtained permission from Artaxerxes to return to Jerusalem to rebuild the city (Neh 2:5). What a wealth of information on the lay-out of Jerusalem in Persian times! Ready to walk around Jerusalems incredible walls yourself? Nehemiah Report from Jerusalem. They had to be rebuilt by the Fatimids, who left out the southernmost parts that had been previously included: Mount Zion with its churches, and the southeastern hill (the City of David) with the Jewish neighborhoods which stood south of the Temple Mount. ALSO, I LIKE THE WRITE-UPS ABOUT THE HISTORY OF THE HOLY LAND. [4] Also in the Amarna letters, it is called Beth-Shalem, the house of Shalem.[5]. King David's son, Solomon, enlarged the city northward to include the area of the Temple Mount. In a famous speech, he promised the British nothing but blood, toil, tears, & sweat. Perhaps no speech has ever united a nation more. That could be two years later, a hundred years later or a thousand years later. How Many Years Did It Take Nehemiah To Build The Wall? And those interpretations can be quite diverse. (Perhaps it is noteworthy that TAD A.7 makes no mention of where in Yehud Bagavahya was but mentions priests in Jerusalem). In an individual life, then, the rebuilding of the walls would be a picture of re-establishing the strength of that life. If HolyLandSite.com is helpful to you, and you would like to support our work, we would be deeply grateful. Many of the places mentioned cannot be identified. 8 And David said on that day, Whoever would strike the Jebusites, let him get up the water shaft to attack the lame and the blind, who are hated by David's soul. Therefore, it is said, The blind and the lame shall not come into the house. 9 And David lived in the stronghold and called it the city of David. 16 And when all our enemies heard of it, all the nations around us were afraid and fell greatly in their own esteem, for they perceived that this work had been accomplished with the help of our God. Courtesy Nathan Steinmeyer. In this map the walls surround the southeastern hill and the Temple Mount only; it is assumed that other parts of the Late Iron Age city were not reconstructed. Some scholars, however, do not allow themselves to be discouraged by this and draw with confidence a map of Jerusalem based on the biblical texts. His city was still located on the low southeastern hill, outside today's Old City area. There is the technical side & the human side. He was motivated. Nehemiah believed in the power of prayer & perseverance in solving problems. In 722 B.C., Assyria conquered the northern kingdom, then in 605 B.C. The length of the walls is 4,018 meters (2.497 miles), their average height is 12 meters (39 feet) and the average thickness is 2.5 meters (8.2 feet). Jewish Quarter (Jerusalem) - Wikipedia Even if we accept it becoming a birta' at some point, a birta' is not necessarily the seat of a governor, only of a garrison commander. xi. Hes going to share the risks & the hardships with the people. Jerusalem lies in ruins, and its gates have been burned down. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. There would have had to be some economic and some military activity and so a population more than negligible, so at least some attention to fortifications. After the Babylonian captivity and the Persian conquest of Babylonia, Cyrus II of Persia allowed the Jews to return to Judea and rebuild the Temple. During this time, known as the Hasmonean period (16463 BC), Jerusalem was rebuilt along with its walls. It was a massive undertaking and measured around 2.5 miles (4 km.) ), Jerusalem was not fortified until the Middle Bronze Age (c. 20001550 B.C.E.). It was King Artaxerxes I who would have moved the capital of the province from Mitzpa to Jerusalem because the later site was more strategically located and had a better water supply. Whoever wandered around the old city walls had to climb over a mass of stone and sometimes could not continue at all; large piles of rubble blocked the way. I have been to Jerusalem but did not walk the walls. At the bottom of the slope she found the city walls from the Middle Bronze Age (18th century BC) and the Late Iron Age (around 700 BC). The walls of Jerusalem had been destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar in 586 BC. Download our mobile app for on-the-go access to the Jewish Virtual Library, The Unexpected History Behind Jerusalems Street Names, Richard the Lionheart Accepts Saladin's Peace, British Mark Capture of Jerusalem from Turks, Supreme Moslem Council Recognizes Jewish Temple Mount, Jerusalem's Military Government Abolished, 1998 - 2023 American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise, 1800 BCE - Construction of First City Wall, 586 BCE - Babylonian Forces Destroy Jerusalem and Demolish. Supported by: Come, let us rebuild the wall of Jerusalem, so that we will no longer be a disgrace . Was it a walled town with a central temple, the seat of the governor, the centre of government, religion and economy? I take an intermediate position. It was chiseled from both ends to the middle at the same time. The small tower that Kenyon had uncovered appeared to be on the verge of collapse and was demolished and rebuilt by her team. Gates to the Old City of Jerusalem and Their Meaning Then I went on to the Fountain Gate & to the Kings Pool; but there was no place for the animal I was riding to continue. That the order of the buildings in the text is the same as the order `on the ground' is likely but not certain. The first one to announce that she had found part of the Persian city wall was the English archaeologist Kathleen Kenyon. During the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent (r. 15201566), the city of Jerusalem regained its splendor and recovered from centuries of neglect. That provided an opportunity to look underneath and behind the tower. It was built to dimensions similar to King Hezekiahs time. Household as the priestly line and fnally the third And I told no one what my God had put into my heart to do for Jerusalem. The Old City of Jerusalem is currently divided into the Muslim, Christian, Armenian, and Jewish Quarters. Under Nehemiahs inspirational leadership the people completed the rebuilding project in only 52 days. In 1033, most of the walls constructed by Eudocia were destroyed by an earthquake. Very little material has been unearthed from Persian times, and what has been found is difficult to date with precision. He was what we might call today a top security agent, like a member of the Secret Service. ), The Summit of the City Of David Excavations 20052008; Final Reports Volume I, Area G, Jerusalem 2015, 525-538. Then, 13 years after Ezra's trip, Nehemiah helped to rebuild Jerusalem's broken-down walls. Nehemiah receives His Commission 1. C. E. Carter, The Emergence of Yehud in the Persian Period A Social and Demographic Study (JSOT Supplement Series 294), Sheffield 1999. What he encounters is terrifying. Upon hearing that the wall of Jerusalem was down and destroyed, along with the gates being burned down, Nehemiah cried. `The Borders and de Facto Size of Jerusalem in the Persian Period, in O. Lipschits and M. Oeming (eds. The narrow cobbled streets, majestic walls, Roman columns, and ancient buildings hold memories of the numerous legendary events. Courtesy Nathan Steinmeyer. Just like their builder, however, the modern walls can only be described as magnificent. 2 Chronicles 32:5: He set to work resolutely and built up all the wall that was broken down and raised towers upon it, and outside it he built another wall, and he strengthened the Millo in the city of David. Often times our need for faith will increase when were truly aware of the facts of a situation or crisis we are facing. How many times were the walls of Jerusalem destroyed?
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