names of families that owned slaves in texas
A Special Interest Group (SIG) of the Dallas Genealogical Society John J. Middleton of Beaufort, South Carolina: 530 slaves. New Orleans was the center of this trade in the Deep South, but there were slave dealers in Galveston and Houston, too. Like Georgia, the Texas Democratic Party adopted a whites-only primary. This was in the slave owners' self-interest, for marriage encouraged reproduction under socially acceptable conditions, and slave children were valuable. Was Section 1325 Of The US Immigration Code Sponsored By A Segregationist Lawmaker? A survey of Texas in 1834 found that the department of Bexar, which was mostly made up of Tejanos, had exported no goods. Before The Guardian interviewed him for the story, he said neither he nor Amy knew that side of their heritage. Most slaves, however, supplemented their basic diet with sweet potatoes, garden vegetables, wild game, and fish and were thus adequately fed. Alwyn Barr. The issue of slavery became a source of contention between the Anglo-American settlers and Spanish governors. Texas ranked 10th in total enslaved population and 9th in percentage enslaved (30 percent of all residents). WebThe British newspaper The Guardian reported this week that Democratic presidential candidate, and former Texas Congressman Beto ORourke, and his wife Amy, are Slavery was a labor system and although slaves obviously freed their owners from the drudgery of manual labor and daily chores, they were a troublesome property in many ways. A large supply of cheap Mexican labor in the area made the purchase and care of a slave too expensive. Although no major rebellions occurred, individual acts of violence against owners were carried out. These tensions came to a head in the Anahuac Disturbances. Most worked as house servants or on farms on the edges of towns, but others served as cooks and waiters in hotels, as teamsters or boatmen, or as coachmen and skilled artisans, such as blacksmiths, carpenters, and barbers. [30] As planters increased cotton production, they rapidly increased the purchase and transport of enslaved workers. WebTexas's enslaved population grew rapidly: while there were 30,000 enslaved people in Texas in 1845, the census lists 58,161 enslaved African Americans in 1850. Institute of Texas Cultures. Cotton. After that, he could legally transport the enslaved people and sell them in New Orleans or areas further up the Mississippi River. The white primary was another way to exclude African Americans from making electoral decisions, and it was not overturned by the Supreme Court until 1944 in Smith v. Allwright. [7] The 1783 census for all of Texas listed a total of 36enslaved people. [14][15], In 1821 at the conclusion of the Mexican War of Independence, Texas was included in the new nation. . Dallas, Texas 75225-0446 This is a mid-level category and should not have individual profiles added to it. Ninety percent of the runaways were men, most between ages 20 and 40, because they were best equipped to deal with the long, difficult journey. [23] By 1836, there were approximately 5,000 enslaved people in Texas. List of slave owners - Wikipedia Texas was a colonial territory, then part of Mexico, later Republic in 1836, and U.S. state in 1845. Once established as an economic institution, slavery became a key social institution as well. Monte Verdi Plantation family slaves honored in Some enslaved people became ministers, but their masters often tried to instruct them in what they were supposed to preach. All ages were represented, however, from 5months to 60years. 4 Cotton plantations. In short, from 1821 to 1836, the national government in Mexico City and the state government of Coahuila and Texas often threatened to restrict or destroy African American servitude, but always allowed settlers in Texas a loophole or an exemption. You can also look up Charleston Manifests by Slave Owner [table striped="true" An excellent source is the Freedmans Savings and Trust Company (visit the African American Freedman's Savings and Trust Company Records page to learn more). Neal Family Papers, 1816-1916 It contains a very significant number of Texas' African-American population. 13, No. WebJoseph Marryat (17571824), owned slaves in Grenada, Trinidad, St. Lucia, and Jamaica. The number likely would have been larger but for the attitude of the Mexican federal and state governments. For a time, many enslaved ran away to Texas. While settled chiefly by Anglo-Southerners after the war; with the history of ranching, some of these parts have been more associated with the Southwest than the South. In general, Texas slaves continued to work and live as they had before the war. The African American Library at the Gregory SchoolHouston's first colored public school, located in historic Freedmen's Town, serves as a resource and repository to preserve, promote and celebrate the rich history and culture of African Americans in Houston, the surrounding region and the African Diaspora. In 1829, President Vicente Guerrero issued a decree abolishing slavery in all of Mexico, but within months he exempted Texas from that order. They were not, and even the best-treated slaves dreamed of freedom. Arkansas Plantations and Slave Names Officials and Employees Charles Heyward of Colleton, South Carolina: 491 slaves. Slavery was a complex institution that varied according to time and place. A service of the Moody College of Communication at the University of Texas at Austin, After The Debates, Beto ORourkes Fundraising Slumped, While Julin Castros Jumped, Billionaire Ross Perot Remembered As Patriot, Family Man, Experts Say The Current Plastic Industry Boom Will Be A Bust In Five Years, News Roundup: New Initiative Aims To Register More Texans With Disabilities To Vote, San Antonio Migrant Resource Center Has Helped 30,000 Since March. Every dollar helps. About Slave Owners in Texas - Synonym [9] Of these, only 15 were enslaved, 4males and 11females. Cotton. 3 (Sep., 1898) (pp. Family ties were a source of strength for people enduring bondage and a mark of their humanity, too. Some hid in the bayous for a time, while others lived among the Indians, and a few managed to board ships bound for northern or foreign ports. The effect of the institution on the state's general economic development is less clear. 5 Resources. This page was last modified 06:24, 6 May 2021. Slavery in the Lower South [49] Throughout the summer, many East Texas newspapers continued to recommend that slaveholders oppose ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery, in the hopes that emancipation could be gradually implemented. Lists of Slave owners with names of slaves 781 We need your support because we are a non-profit organization that relies upon contributions from our community in order to record and preserve the history of our state. Nevertheless, slavery was a curse to Texans, Black and White alike, until 1865 and beyond. Sugar. [41] See Underground Railroad South to Mexico. DAR# A105070 1. The Gregory School Historical collections at The Gregory School include: Access to Houston Public Library databases and indexes Books Pamphlets Periodicals Photographs Oral history recordings Manuscripts Newspapers and clippings Personal family archives and Ephemera documenting Houstons African American History and culture. For example, slaves worked hard, sometimes at their own pace, and offered many forms of nonviolent resistance if pushed too hard. [25] The department of Texas, which included the eastern settlements, expected to export 2,000 bales of cotton and 5,000 head of cattle. endstream endobj startxref Even as Austins colonists began to establish slavery on the lower Brazos and Colorado rivers, the independence of Mexico cast doubt on the future of the institution in Texas. Sugar plantations. Profiles are placed in this category with this text [[Category:Texas, Slave Owners]] . [56] Those against this decision typically argue that it unfairly targets key Democratic constituencies such as minority groups and the elderly,[57] while proponents argue that the law's intention is to prevent voting by illegal immigrants. Voter's registrations are among the few records which document African American males prior to 1870. By Laura RiceJuly 17, 20191:49 pmArts & Culture, History, Race & Identity. R. R. Barrow, Lafourche, Louisiana: 74 slaves; Terrebonne: 399 slaves. The Comanche sold any captured enslaved people to the Cherokee and Creek in Indian Territory, as they were both slaveholding tribes. The emancipated slaves celebrated joyously (if Whites allowed it), but then they had to find out just what freedom meant. The province continued to attract free blacks and escaped enslaved people from the Southern United States. J. Harleston Read of Georgetown, South Carolina: 511 slaves. When Family History Includes Ownership Of Slaves | Texas Standard All slaves had to live with the knowledge that their families could be broken up, and yet the basic social unit survived. In rural areas, counties often set up patrols to enforce restrictions on enslaved people traveling without passes from planter owners. Favorable conditions for free blacks continued into the 1830s. WebTruly giant slaveholders such as Robert and D. G. Mills, who owned more than 300 slaves in 1860 (the largest holding in Texas), had plantations in this area, and the population Since they politically dominated the state for decades after 1900, the only contest for office was at the primary level. Some felt well-treated by their owners and generally behaved as loyal servants. CONTENT MAY BE COPYRIGHTED BY WIKITREE COMMUNITY MEMBERS. Slavery Days in Marion County In 1860, the biggest slaveholders were Robert and D.G. Africans and the descendants of Africans and Indians were excluded from the class of 'persons' having rights. Dallas Genealogical Society The progress of the Civil War did not drastically affect slavery in Texas because no major slaveholding area was invaded. Medical care in antebellum Texas was woefully inadequate for Whites and Blacks alike, but slaves had a harder daily life and were therefore more likely to be injured or develop diseases that doctors could not treat (see HEALTH AND MEDICINE). Theirs was apparently a favored position, at least in this regard. J. C. Jenkins of Wilkinson, Mississippi: 523 slaves. is a professor of history at the University of Texas at Austin, and says addressing ones lineage of slavery is difficult, but ORourkes response helped bring the issue out into the open. WebList of the largest American slave owners The list below is compiled from the 1860 United States Slave Census Schedule. Austin: Encino Press, 1974. During the war, slavery in Texas was little affected, and prices for enslaved people remained high until the last few months of the war. [42] Two years later, Colorado County hanged several enslaved people and drove one white man and several Mexicans from the area after uncovering a plot to equip 200enslaved people with pistols and knives to escape into Mexico. The Federal Constitution of 1824 did not mention slavery, but the 1827 Constitution of the State of Coahuila and Texas prohibited the further introduction of slaves and declared all children born thereafter to slaves already in the state to be free at birth. Although Mexican governments did not adopt any consistent or effective policy to prevent slavery in Texas, their threats worried slaveholders and possibly retarded the immigration of planters from the Old South. Online collections of Freedman's Bank records: The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands was created by the US government in 1865 until 1872 to assist former slaves in the southern United States. Through organizations such as the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), African Americans continued to work to regain their ability to exercise their civil and voting rights as citizens. This fact is not a tribute to the benevolence of slavery, but a testimony to the human spirit of the enslaved African Americans. Randolph B. Wood was born into slavery in the early 19th century on a Kentucky farm owned by a man named Moses Tousey, McDaniel writes. By 1860, that number had increased to 182,566. AAGIG@dallasgenealogy.org, "African American Records: Freedmen's Bureau," "African American Heritage,", African American Online Genealogy Records, George Washington Carver Museum and Genealogy Center, Texas State Historical Association: African Americans, The McGowan Funeral Home Records, 1956-1995, The Southern Migration of the Keeton and Chafer Family, Slavery Statutes - Texas: ca. Slaves, however, tended to hear the message of individual equality before God and salvation for all. Texas had many runaways and thousands escaped to Mexico. Some slave hunters illegally traveled to Mexico and captured runaways. With reparations legislation on the table, Berry says conversations about slavery in history is fundamental. He On the other hand, the institution may well have contributed in several ways to retarding commercialization and industrialization. In other words, it was an underlying cause of the struggle in 18351836. American Slave Owners - geni family tree Trying to get around the Gulf Coast, they built five barges, but in November 1528 these went aground off the coast of Texas. For the time being, we are using this as the Slavery Plantation umbrella or portal. Many worked in other parts of the state as cowboys herding cattle or migrated for better opportunities in the Midwest, California, or southward to Mexico. There they were raised to be servants. [17] Most of the settlers Austin recruited came from the southern slave-owning portions of the United States. Both the Baptist and Methodist churches appointed missionaries to the enslaved people and allowed active participation by them. [8] A 1777 census of San Antonio showed a total of 2,060people, with 151 of African descent. The slaves were owned by Julien Devereux and used to work an almost 11,000-acre plantation. Slavery in Waco. The low wages the enslaved person would receive made repayment impossible, and the debt would be inherited, even though no enslaved person would receive wages until age eighteen. Married Elizabeth Towles 1803. There were two questionnaires: one for free inhabitants and one for slaves. I think [the conversation] happens in a number of spaces, Berry says. [19] In 1832, the state passed legislation prohibiting worker contracts from lasting more than tenyears. Search for "FREEDMEN - TEXAS" in the Subjects search bar to find. The Neal family owned a plantation in Louisburg, Franklin County, N.C. Family members who went west all trafficked enslaved people with them and had the cash to buy good farm land. 3536 Grand Avenue In 1860, mass hysteria ensued after a series of fires erupted throughout the state. Although the law contained some recognition of their humanity, slaves in Texas had the legal status of personal property. To find Freedmen's Bureau records: Visit the African American Freedmen's Bureau Records page to learn more about utilizing these records. This page has been accessed 1,367 times. [18] A small number of enslaved were imported illegally from the West Indies or Africa. P.O. To circumvent the law, numerous Anglo-American colonists converted their enslaved people to indentured servants, but with life terms. In August 1831, Juan Davis Bradburn, the military commander of the custom station on Upper Galveston Bay, gave asylum to two men who had escaped from slavery in Louisiana. After slavery, African Americans went on to establish towns in Texas. 7 rolls, National Underground Railroad Freedom Center, New England Historic Genealogical Society, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library at Colonial Williamsburg, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Libraries, Texas State Library and Archives Commission, Clayton Library Center for Genealogical Research, Sam Houston Regional Library and Research Center, Natchitoches Genealogical and Historical Association, https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/index.php?title=African_American_Resources_for_Texas&oldid=5253354. Randolph B. Campbell, An Empire for Slavery: The Peculiar Institution in Texas, 18211865 (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1989). IMPORTANT PRIVACY NOTICE & DISCLAIMER: YOU HAVE A RESPONSIBILITY TO USE CAUTION WHEN DISTRIBUTING PRIVATE INFORMATION. The greatest concentration of large slave plantations was along the lower Brazos and Colorado rivers in Brazoria, Matagorda, Fort Bend, and Wharton counties. They knew that they controlled their own bodies and therefore were free to move about as they chose and not be forced to labor for others. For the first time, free persons were listed individually instead of by family. hbbd```b``N+$,>D2E6H0Y N `sA$C8t?"A"j`&`sJ'zziHg` ` -q Over 30 of the fugitives made it safely to freedom in Mexico. [43] Later newspaper accounts revealed that most of what was confessed under torture appeared to be false. The census in Signup today for our free newsletter, Especially Texan. Alfred V. Davis, Concordia, Louisiana: 500+ slaves. [24], Exportation in the slave-owning areas of the state surpassed that of the non-slave-owning areas. The average price of a slave, regardless of age, sex, or condition, rose from approximately $400 in 1850 to nearly $800 by 1860. Copies of death certificates were sometimes attached to the entries. Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell was confronted with similar information about his ancestors this month, but had a different reaction. [51], The long-term effects of slavery can be seen to this day in the state's demographics. [48], On some plantations, many enslaved people left immediately after hearing of the emancipation, even if their former owners offered to pay them wages. Anderson County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Austin County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 0, 1), Bastrop County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 0, 1), Bell County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 3, 0), Bexar County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Bosque County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Brazos County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Burleson County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Caldwell County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 12, 2), Cass County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 3, 0), Chambers County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Cherokee County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 3, 0), Collin County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Cooke County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Dallas County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), DeWitt County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Ellis County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Falls County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Fannin County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Fayette County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 0, 1), Fort Bend County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Freestone County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Galveston County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Gonzales County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 1), Grayson County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 3, 0), Guadalupe County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 3, 1), Harris County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 4, 0), Harrison County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 6, 1), Hays County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 0, 1), Hill County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Hopkins County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Houston County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Johnson County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 1), Kaufman County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Lavaca County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Leon County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Madison County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Marion County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Matagorda County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), McLennan County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Milam County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 3, 0), Montgomery County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 5, 0), Nacogdoches County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Navarro County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Nueces County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Panola County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 12, 2), Polk County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Red River County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 4, 0), Rusk County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Sabine County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), San Augustine County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Shelby County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 9, 3), Smith County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 3, 0), Tarrant County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Titus County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Travis County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Tyler County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 3, 0), Upshur County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Walker County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Washington County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 1), Wharton County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0). There were a few slaves in Texas while it was a Spanish province, but slavery did not really become an institution of significance in the region until the arrival of AngloAmerican settlers. Dallas, TX Dennis. [31], By 1850, the enslaved population in Texas had increased to 58,161; in 1860 there were 182,566 enslaved, 30 percent of the total population. [38] Unlike most southern states, Texas did not explicitly ban education of enslaved people, but most slaveholders did not allow the practice. Many enslaved people ran away. [28], The Section 9 of the General Provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Texas, ratified in 1836, made slavery legal again in Texas and defined the status of the enslaved and people of color in the Republic of Texas. [8] There was intermarriage among blacks, Indians and Europeans. In 1829 the Guerrero decree conditionally abolished slavery throughout Mexican territories. The governors feared the growth in the Anglo-American population in Texas, and for various reasons, by the early 19th century, they and their superiors in Mexico City disapproved of expanding slavery. [22] From 1849 until 1860, Texas tried to convince the United States government to negotiate a treaty with Mexico to permit extradition of runaways, but it did not succeed.
Arrests Scottsdale Az,
Shark Fin Terraria Calamity,
1864 Springfield Breech Loader,
Articles N
