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The capitalization rules are as follows: NY Times style capitalization is mainly used by writers for the NY Times but is also used widely throughout journalism. Bulleted and Numbered Lists Editorial Style Guide Purchase College AP uses dashes, not bullets, for lists in news stories that follow a colon. Of course, youll want to keep using capitals for all the basics: the beginning of every sentence, proper nouns like names and specific locations, days of the week and months. Gently tap the lid against a hard surface. AP has a few punctuation rules that differ from many common style guides: Do not use a comma before the last item in a simple series ("My favorite candy includes Snickers, Twix and Zagnut bars."). Q: Is clarity essentially the only rule determining when a serial comma should be included? Dates, time, eras (July 4, 2008; 9 a.m.; the Great Depression ), Q: When referring to a time span, I never know when to use a dash to separate the two times (ex. Q: How about using e- as a prefix for new terms in the tech and business worlds? While its not wrong and some style guides recommend this, its not the best business writing choice. It also connects closely related thoughts. It's hard for some people to wrap their heads around this rule, especially if each . Capitalization, Case Internet The word internet is all lowercase (unless, of course, it starts a sentence or comes after a bullet) . This is a grammar guide that accompanies our post on how to write better bullet points. Punctuation (commas; quotation marks; colon; semi-colon; ellipsis ). AP editor Paula Froke fields questions of widest interest posed by subscribers to the online AP Stylebook. For company names, use their preference: eBay. Here is a sampling of frequently asked questions, with examples of AP style used in answers. Watch your title convert case and be automatically capitalized! That includes newspaper names and magazine references. finally, draft your conclusion. The first step in the process of how to write an AP style press release is to familiarize yourself with the guidelines. See the "legislative titles" entry for rulings. Q: How does AP treat programming language when used in general text? The Gregg Reference Manual uses periods only after bullets that are dependent clauses and long phrases. A: A partial spelling with hyphens in place of some letters would convey the meaning. Include the dateline - BRYAN-COLLEGE STATION, Jan. 1, 2022; . The Associated Press Stylebook says when writing lists use periods, not semicolons, at the end of each section, whether it is a full sentence or a phrase.. Bullets Associated Press style is to use dashes, not bullets, for lists that follow a colon. The Chicago Manual of Style. Thank you, Sarah! 6. Understanding what to capitalize in a title is important to make sure that your titles and headlines look correct. However, you can omit the colon when a list follows a partial sentence. Bulleted lists - American Psychological Association The tricky thing is punctuation. In business writing, capitalize the first letter of bullet lists. A colon can introduce a long quotation or one of more than one sentence, because it says to a reader: "There's more coming here than you thought. Use a lettered list if you want to emphasize separate parallel items within a sentence. Infants often display prosocial behaviorthat is, behavior intended to help otherswhen interacting with their parents, as demonstrated in the following examples (Hammond & Drummond, 2019): If bulleted items are words or phrases (but not complete sentences), begin each item with a lowercase letter (except words such as proper nouns). Capitalization after a Colon | Editor's Manual . I am a technical writer and editor who shares writing-related software tutorials on this website and on YouTube. Bullets normally preface unordered list items.7. Inconsistent punctuation; Sometimes the grammar isn't parallel between items. When to Use a Colon With Capitalization: The puppy left a trail of destroyed items in his wake: shredded papers, mangled stuffed animals and what looked like the remains of a shoe. Associated Press Stylebook 1:28 PM - 14 Jul 2021 37 Retweets 189 Likes Take the sentence "She has decided: She won't have surgery to hide the scar.". Creating a free account also gives you access to historical stylebooks, writing guidelines and handbooks produced by The Associated Press, dating back to June 1900. The art instructor assigned three projects for the spring semester: 2. This is where the semicolon confusion comes in. The top tabs allow you to select which style of capitalization you want to use. For example, are newspapers italicized? - Capitalize the first word following the dash or bullet. I love traveling to Ireland because of its: [AP, Garner, and Gregg use the colon here. AP follows two broad rules for capitalization: Common names are not capitalized unless part of a proper name (the river vs. the Thames River). Should the opening stem sentence end with a colon to introduce the bullet lists or use no colon? We could also write this list with commas instead of semicolons. Input your member identification number. Important Note: The MLA Handbook from the Modern Language Association (MLA style) follows Chicago-style recommendations for ordered and unordered vertical lists. AP Stylebook recommends: "Capitalize the first word following the dash or bullet. 2-5 p.m.) and when to use the word "to"? Are we nitpicking punctuation with these considerations of bullet lists? Quick Links: How to Use Capitalize My Title, What to Capitalize in a Title (What Is Title Case, What Is Sentence Case), Title Capitalization Rules by Style (APA, Chicago, AP, MLA, BB, AMA, NY Times, Wikipedia). Finally, should you capitalize the first letter of each entry in a vertical list? 'I hope this email finds you well:' Emailing During the Pandemic, Business Grammar: Pronoun Antecedent Errors, Use a period or other full stop after every bullet that is a sentence. Capitalize words with four or more letters (including conjunctions and prepositions). PDF EIA Writing Style Guide - Energy Information Administration This will uncapitalize your text. Subscribe to AP Stylebook Online: AP Stylebook Online is a searchable, customizable guide for writers and editors that is updated throughout the year. Local Phone: (623) 399-6676 | Entries (RSS). Its all about readability. - Put a space between the dash or bullet and the first word of each item in the list. No periods on the end of a list of bullets unless its more than one sentence. The key thing is applying a clear and consistent punctuation style to all lists. . It is the same across all of the four styles. There are five important things to watch for in numbered and bulleted lists: inconsistent capitalization. To see what I mean, read the lead-in word or phrase then read the first item on the list. AP Style: Sentence Fragments and Capitalization Finally, let's look at Associated Press style. Try it with a list of shorter items like this. Q: There seem to be differing opinions on whether or not to capitalize the names of grapes used to make wine. Use periods, not semicolons, at the end of each section or a phrase." This is clear, but AP doesn't fully address when to omit a period at the end of each bullet. (After reading this) .. In AP style, headlines capitalize the first word, proper names, or proper abbreviations, verbs, pronouns, adjectives, and adverbs. The AP Stylebook is a writing and editing reference for newsrooms, classrooms and corporate offices worldwide. A: AP doesn't use italics in news stories. This will automatically indent the list as well. If you have a list of full sentences or a list with a mix of full sentences and fragments we suggest capitalizing the first letter in each item. Use sentence case capitalization Use sentence case capitalization for most content, including page titles, headings, subheadings, buttons, and text links, unless a word is a proper noun. Common Style Guidelines Lists - Microsoft Style Guide | Microsoft Learn 10439 W Royal Palm Rd., Peoria AZ 85345 Don't use a bulleted list for only one item. 1+ 803-479-5092 ntuten@getitwriteonline.com News media (datelines; headlines; newswriting ). AP and Chicago Manual of Style - capitalize initial word and use periods after sentence list items. Use a rubber glove to twist the lid off. Microsoft and Gregg would capitalize flat and sharp if they appeared in a title (unlike Rule 2). I have a tendency to be very verbose when I write. They are also written without terminal punctuation (i.e., they dont end in a period, comma, colon, or semicolon).9. Semicolons Use in Lists: Items with Internal Punctuation The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA style) recommends only using complete sentences for vertical numbered list items, not incomplete sentences as shown above.6, Unordered lists are united by commonality rather than rank or sequence. Use either all full sentences in your bullet lists or all fragments. The equivalent resource for the older APA 6 style . Lowercase and spell out when not used with an individual name: The president issued a statement. AP Stylebook: Use periods after bullets. And, as a guideline, wed suggest punctuating bullet points as follows: However, this again comes down to preference and your chosen style guide. A: Always use figures for people, animals and objects: 3-year-old house. [M zmp0&BLp$UPd67Z9Ha{0gPY "nG~h%rls 'wdt;:^2i+>f9V%EQ)j2"^e\KP"TiNc-((V A&N+E}E;SnIP A: Use Arabic figures to indicate decades of history: the 1920s, the '80s Figures, numerals, dimensions (7-year-old boy; three years ago; 1 percent; third grade; size 9; 6-by-8-foot rug; 5 ounces; 68,000-square-foot facility). It makes it easier for your reader. It is intended as a guide to common PR Team style and . Capitalize the important words in the title, Subordinating conjunctions (when fewer than 5 letters), Coordinating Conjunctions (and, but, for), Capitalize nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs (including. However, in regard to headlines, is it now true that press release headlines should be in sentence case? Q: Do music groups take singular verbs, as do collective nouns, or plural verbs, as with sports teams? Try it with these examples and see if the period makes more sense. This is the fourth in a six-part series. These include short words and conjunctions: The other major type of title capitalization standard is sentence case. AP Stylebook: Use periods after bullets - My Blog Editor Ordered lists can be introduced by a complete or incomplete sentence and are typically prefaced by numbers1 or letters2 followed by a period. This is usually done when each list entry finishes an introductory phrase, as shown below: Subscribe to our newsletter and get writing tips from our editors straight to your inbox. Use a numbered list if you want to display items in a numbered series. 0 Now we have bullets. Following are some questions and answers to use as guidelines: When is it better to use bullets than numbers? Problem solved. Lowercase to in the infinitive (though not defined in the stylebook). Example: There are anumber of tags used in HTML, including: RULE: Its not necessary to use periods after short phrases or single words in alist, if the introductory statement is grammatically complete (see below) or if the listed items are like those on an inventory sheet or ashopping list. Ive never found the AP Stylebook entry that covers this, including capitalization.. The most accepted style guide in business writing and web publishing is the AP Stylebook. Capitalize nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs (including phrasal verbs such as "play with"), adverbs, and subordinate conjunctions. Lowercase articles (a, an, the), coordinating conjunctions, and prepositions (regardless of length). If that sounds like a lot to remember, think of it this way instead: as a general rule of thumb, any word that's three letters or less should not be capitalized. To draw visual attention to items in a list without implying that items go in a certain order (e.g., chronology, importance, priority), use a bulleted list. The Fantastic Shakers have won many awards. For a series of complex terms, though, use commas after each for clarity. In business writing, yes, use a colon at the end of the introductory stem sentence. Use proper punctuation for bulleted sections. EPA follows the AP rule after the dash or bullet: capitalize the first letter and use periods at the end of each section. Quickly convert your title or text to sentence case by simply clicking the Sentence case button in the tool above. $;$ExRp" e8CQiQYgKdIw lP"1C[;d,|xk0:[#.kvZ|{wY14\.wCzb`*,a`FK{GQfl!hie "h9e tI*2$"/'O6\a>Zb=01fD?`ZTX7w$\a +!F7X o7N| *&Rp oTF G6eKeJ22N Mb[$er6_oZkh:.jFeX^Lu}]/E.tesv!8;>pi0B@09]l}llx| V:2`zXoyQ% 'w Garner's Modern American Usage inserts periods at the end of bullet lists only if the bullet list begins with a capital letter. Also, please note that ads, brochures and legal contracts may require some deviation from these guidelines. Memorize the AP abbreviations. EPA Communications Stylebook: Writing Guide is lowercase. The CMS is commonly used in the publishing sphere, and AP style is more press-oriented . Capitalization looks fancy and makes things seem important. The capitalization rules are as follows: Capitalize the first and the last word. Bullet points | Staff | Imperial College London The Chicago Manual of Style Online is the venerable, time-tested guide to style, usage, and grammar in an accessible online format. Use numbered lists when youre working with instructions to be done in sequence, and the numbers suggest ahierarchy. STATES: Abbreviate state names when listed after a city. Automatically copy the capitalized title with CTRL + C ( + C on Mac) or after pasting. An updated list of units of measurement makes finding what you need a breeze. Erin Wright, 20122023. Consider the examples below: Cite it. Capitalization - VA.gov Design System - Veterans Affairs If a bulleted list contains phrases, each bullet should begin with a lowercase letter. A: In a simple series, AP doesn't use a comma before the last item. Don't Be That Guy - Part 1: The Most Common Capitalization Mistakes While the above words are generally capitalized in titles regardless of style, there are some words that are generally not capitalized when using title case. 2003-2022 Judy Vorfeld's Office Support Services. Get an email every time a new blog post is published. hbbd```b``"A$dH\8'$XM7"$c[D& j@H2w 2+: Garner calls this "vertical lists punctuated as a sentence." Government, including federal government and U.S. government. Use periods, not semicolons, at the end of each section or a phrase. This is clear, but AP doesnt fully address when to omit a period at the end of each bullet. But if you are using a style guide, you may want to check it for guidance on which style to use. How a list is punctuated depends on the sort of information that is being presented. Here is an example of bullet lists that need a period to complete the introductory stem sentence: Here is an example of bullets lists that do not need a period because they are fragments not connected to the introductory stem sentence: These are reasons I love traveling to Ireland: Here is an example of bullet lists that do not need a period because theyre one word or a short phrase that feels like an inventory or shopping list: This issue is straightforward. Numbered Lists and Bullet Lists: Why and How? If unchecked, quotes will be output as curly quotes. Q: How do I deal with a vulgarity from a movie that is integral to the article I'm writing? Capitalization and end punctuation depend on the type of list and the contents of the list. AP Refresh: 10 Updates to the 2018 AP Stylebook - Communiqu PR Lowercase articles (a, an, the), coordinating conjunctions, and prepositions. PDF AP STYLE TIP SHEET: The Basics PUNCTUATION: Example - Syracuse University This option is helpful for complex or longer bulleted sentences that may be more difficult to read without the aid . In our latest quarterly roundup of AP Style reminders, we cover back-to-school terms, travel terminology, and more. A: Eight states are never abbreviated in datelines or text: Alaska, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Maine, Ohio, Texas and Utah. Prepositions that contain five letters or more. In most cases, experts recommend that you start each bulleted item with acapital letter. Capitalize the first word of every bullet. You can learn more in the Title Capitalization Rules by Style section. Well, that was really helpful; thanks for the effort. 11.5.13 Updates made to University statistics, the list of research centers and section on Web addresses. Learn more about how to write better bullet lists. Q: Should the names of decades be capitalized when written out? Numbered lists may appear with or without the period after the number. All style guides agree to capitalize the first letter of the bullet list unless you opt for the "vertical lists punctuated as a sentence" format using semicolons, illustrated above. Below is a description of the ways you can use our case converter. AP flags such cases atop the story with an editor's note. 48 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<8DCDC806A06A984EB23F9AC6F5FBCE2C><8DCDC806A06A984EB23F9AC6F5FBCE2C>]/Index[28 32]/Info 27 0 R/Length 99/Prev 782230/Root 29 0 R/Size 60/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Mary founded Instructional Solutions in 1998, and is an internationally recognized business writing trainer and executive writing coach with two decades of experience helping thousands of individuals and businesses master the strategic skill of business writing. Example: Hampton, Va. See the stylebook for specific abbreviations. The Associated Press Stylebook provides an A-Z guide to issues such as capitalization, abbreviation, punctuation, spelling, numerals and many other questions of language usage. RECOMMENDATION: Please avoid usingthe following format: If you write alot of reports and documents with lists, youll always do well if you follow the guidelines above, recognizing the need of the reader to grasp information quickly and easily. However, most people now leave out the extra punctuation. Capitalize the first word of the title/heading and of any subtitle/subheading. The Best 2023 AP Style Cheat Sheet Every Writer Needs (Free Download) Ben Sailer Content. Do not capitalize articles, prepositions (regardless of length), and coordinating conjunctions. A: As a descriptive term, doctorate in psychology is lowercase. After each dash, capitalize the first letter and use periods at the end of each section. Q: Would "crew chief" and "team owner" be capitalized before a name? The phrase "she has decided" warns the reader that the next . Its hard for some people to wrap their heads around this rule, especially if each item on the list is not a full sentence. If you have questions, read our. Associated Press Stylebook Q: Is the proper phrase "If money were no object" or "If money was no object"? I love traveling to Ireland because of its: I do not recommend this vertical lists punctuated as a sentence format with semicolons for business writing. This is ultimately a matter of stylistic preference. Your subscription includes the . How to Capitalize and Punctuate Bullet Points - LinkedIn %%EOF Note however that it is not wrong to capitalize a sentence or clause after a colon. Everyone loves a vertical list. You can also use a colon after a partial sentence. APStylebook on Twitter: "AP uses dashes to introduce individual If numbers arent essential, use bullets, especially in business documents. Now check your email to confirm your subscription for My Blog Editor blog alerts. This is another case where there are no hard rules! All rights reserved. Capitalize the first and the last word of titles and subtitles. Please list your allergies and give date of last flare-up. However, clear bullet list punctuation adds visual scan-ability to your business writing. And if so, when? Fax: 205-921-5595 2131 Military Street S Hamilton, AL 35570 View Location Associated Press style basics - The Journalist's Resource Q: Is there a standard AP style for bulleted areas of text? The department prefers bullets, but punctuate them per AP style: After each bullet, capitalize the first letter and use periods at the end of each item. Capitalize nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, and subordinate conjunctions. Home Style and Grammar Guidelines Lists Lists Just as heading structure alerts readers to the order of ideas in a paper, lists help readers understand a related set of key points within a sentence or paragraph. If youre confused about what words to capitalize in a title or headline, we recommend using our title capitalization tool above, but if you want specific capitalization rules, they are as follows. Youre singing my tune! By virtue of their formatting, numbered lists stand . Q: In denoting area, which is correct for numbers under 10 -- 5 acres or five acres? A: corporate (adj.) A: We follow Webster's on that term, which is lowercase. Bulleted lists can be used with complete sentences, phrases, or a combination. Don't use the Oxford comma in a simple series before the conjunction. Lists, Part 4: Numbered Lists. A) Begin each bullet with the same part of speech (noun, verb, adjective) It is very common to use action verbs (also known as dynamic verbs) to begin each item in a bulleted list. APA Style 6th Edition Blog: Lists, Part 4: Numbered Lists Examples: House Cleaning Tips: Remove items from shelves before dusting. We have three punctuation issues to consider: Should the ending punctuation at the end of each bullet list be a period, a semicolon, or no punctuation? For lists of fragments, short phrases, or words, capitalization is optional: My favorite fruits include: oranges apples bananas dragon fruit My favorite fruits include: Oranges Apples Bananas Dragon fruit As with the other optional punctuation above, though, make sure to use a consistent capitalization style throughout your writing. Q: For a subject/verb agreement, how should I treat "one or more features? How will ChatGPT affect the communications profession? endstream endobj 32 0 obj <>stream There's an old joke: Lists - American Psychological Association Then craft an attention-grabbing headline, write the body of your press release, add the boilerplate section, and distribute your press . If the bulleted text is a whole sentence, uppercase the initial letter of the first word and use a period to conclude the paragraph (see "Lists, Part 5: Bulleted Lists" in the APA Style Blog . Not using a colon isnt wrong, but omit it only with certainty that you comply with the style guide of your choice.
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