can vitamin b12 cause ringing in the ears
There was no significant correlation between THI score & Vitamin D level and the age of the participant or the duration of the complaint.Conclusion & recommendations: vitamin D deficiency is common among tinnitus patients. When blood sugar increases, it thickens your blood and makes it very difficult to pass through the tiny capillaries of your cochlea (inner ear). LIVESTRONG.com may earn compensation through affiliate links in this story. Australian Journal of General Practice. IBM Micromedex. Both groups were treated for 1 month. The important role of vitamin A in prevention and restoration of hearing loss was reviewed way back in 1951 by M Joseph Lobel MD, a practicing physician in New York. Noise-induced hearing loss is a significant health issue among adults. Mayo Clinic; 2019. WebRinging in the ears -- sometimes referred to as tinnitus -- is common, according to MedlinePlus 1. You May Like: Are You Hungry In Sign Language. Does the symptoms above suggest B12 could help? Causes. But how do these conditions cause tinnitus? It's generally considered chronic when it continues for more than six months, McKenna says. You'll soon start receiving the latest Mayo Clinic health information you requested in your inbox. These changes directly influence the degree of tinnitus that is perceived. The sounds of tinnitus can be soft or loud, steady or irregular, and heard in both ears or just one. Subscribe and get "Ask Barry" and Quiet Times newsletters every month. There have been numerous case studies to indicate that there is a very real correlation between a B12 vitamin deficiency and tinnitus, meaning that all some tinnitus sufferers need is a little bit more B12 every day. In: Cummings Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery. A healthy supply of magnesium also keeps the blood vessels relaxed, allowing adequate blood to flow throughout the body, including through the vessels in the inner ear. Methylcobalamin has been shown to protect against glutamate-induced excitotoxic neuronal damage. New Eng J Med 345:1593-1600, 2001. When t-test relating to difference between rates were performed, the difference between improvement rate for tinnitus loudness of the experimental group and contr Others include the following, according to the Cleveland Clinic and American Tinnitus Association (ATA): Many drugs can also cause tinnitus, according to Harvard Health Publishing. Continue reading >>. There are many possible causes of tinnitus, with the most common being hearing loss due to excessive noise exposure or age. There is a similar relationship between sugar metabolism disorders and Menieres disease. But, when it comes to hearing health, Curhan suggests people focus instead on eating a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, proteins and healthy fats. I appear to have mild tinnitus - but what This is unpleasant for some people and results in a burning or tingling sensation and a reddening flush that spreads across the skin of the face, arms and chest. The good news: evidence suggests that magnesium is an important ear health mineral because it helps block the activity of these cell-damaging molecules. You may opt-out of email communications at any time by clicking on Pyridoxine is one of the few vitamins that can be toxic. Here's what they know so far: A September 2012 study in the Ghana Medical Journal looked at blood levels of vitamin C, vitamin B12 and melatonin in 139 older adults. Again, evidence is mixed, though, and gingko biloba should not be taken by people with seizure or bleeding disorders. Studies have shown that most people with tinnitus have one of these conditions and treating them with diet and exercise can result in a significant reduction in tinnitus symptoms. the unsubscribe link in the e-mail. Reasons for Ringing in the ears in Pregnancy Pregnant women in some cases deal with high blood pressure as well as this could be a source of this problem called Tinnitus. Atherosclerosis to learn exercises that help preventing atrophic rh These three tiny bones are the hammer, the anvil and the stirrup. There are artificial saliva/moisture formulas to help people who have dry mouths. To the best of my knowledge, Diabetes has nothing to do with it. The Hypercalcemia may also increase chances of coma, cardiac arrhythmias, renal insufficiency, and other serious problems. There are many different natural ways to go about treating tinnitus, including the vitamin B12. Wax buildup in the ear. Continue reading >>, Subjective tinnitus is the form of ringing in the ears that can only be heard by the person who has it. Check with your primary care physician to determine if any It was determined that 42.5% (17) of the total patients were B12 deficient. Pregnant women come to be very sensitive to the situations around them. Normal blood pressure readings will fall below 120/80. Tinnitus can significantly affect quality of life. What are the symptoms and causes of thyroid problems? If so, Diabetes or diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease in which the patient suffers from the high level of glucose Humalog and Novolog are two diabetes medications. Unhealthy habits Researchers are not entirely certain why, but drinking alcohol, smoking cigarettes, eating certain foods and consuming caffeinated beverages can play a role in tinnitus. The vibrations set in motion the three tiny bones that form a chain in the middle ear space that connects the eardrum to the cochlea a hollow structure that is coiled in the shape of a snails shell, containing three tubes filled with fluid. Patients: Patients with tinnitus with no know pathologic conditions of the ear, Is this related to Diabetes and what do you do about it? About 16 percent of U.S. adults complain of hearing loss, and that number is on the rise, according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH). A paired test showed that in Group A, patients with Vitamin B12 deficiency showed significant improvement in mean tinnitus severity index score and visual analogue scale (VAS) after Vitamin B12 therapy. A review of tinnitus. Lee SY, et al. Methylcobalamin works synergistically with vitamin C to aid in proper digestion and absorption of foods. Thats because subjective tinnitus is a symptom of numerous ear disorders and other medical conditions, including vascular disorders, glucose metabolic problems, and diabetes. A forum for people to discuss vitamin B12 deficiency of all causes, including Pernicious Anemia. I feel great! The recommended daily allowance is 8 to 12 milligrams for adults, per the NIH, and the upper limit is 40 milligrams. Amazingly, this entire chain of events takes only tiny fractions of a second. And Ive used my Google Genius powers to assemble this list of foods (except one, I kinda cheated a bit there) that are suspected to cause or exacerbate the symptoms people with tinnitus have typically. I went to my doctor, who sent me to an Ear/Nose/Throat specialist. Nursing Care of a Newborn and Family maternal and child health nursing care. 1. The Lancet. We have 12 tutorials & chords about ear ringing and nerve pain including images, pictures, photos, wallpapers, and more. This means that you may have trouble hearing your own thoughts without the sound of ringing. Dec 15, 2018 - Sometimes, a lack of certain vitamins can be the cause of your tinnitus. She strives to make health content accurate, accessible and engaging to the public.Read more about Joy. In these page, we also have variety of tutorial videos available. A whole lot of expecting girls exper Diabetes-related causes of Ringing in ears Our information shows that 1causes of Ringing in ears are related to diabetes, or a My humble advice is to consider each item on this list and draw your own conclusions about what direction youd like to take in the treatment of your own condition. What Does It Mean If Your Body Produces Too Much Insulin? Accessed Oct. 11, 2022. Nerves send signals throughout the body telling us when and how to react to triggers such as temperature, sound, and pain. Riboflavin is known as the energy vitamin. Analysis to date is not capable to prove that any herbal remedies will assist ringing in ears victims. Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. And instead of ringing, some people describe it as buzzing, clicking, whistling, hissing, roaring or swooshing. Mobile spy reviews and relief from allergy symptoms. Clinical practice guideline: Tinnitus. Pediatric Care Online [PCO]. Those who have been exposed to loud The movement of these tiny hair cells creates an electrical signal that is sent to the hearing nerve, which connects the cochlea to the brain stem. Our bones dont reach maximum density until roughly the age of 30 so for children and young adults having a healthy diet and getting plenty of sunlight will have long term benefits. If you dont see any improvement in the loud noise perceived, then you know that food item is not the culprit for the tinnitus sounds. Tinnitus is experienced as ringing, roaring, or buzzing in the ears. This area needs more study. They are an excellent complement to Arches Tinnitus Relief Formula for the reduction of tinnitus and the healthy operation of the nervous system. Methylcobalamin is a type of Vitamin B12. For information on job opportunities with State/Territory Should I insist on PZI? Excessive noise exposure is a common cause. This can likewise have a negative effect on the health and wellness of the brand-new birthed infant as well as the nursing mommy. Tinnitus. These noises can range anywhere from a high-pitched ringing, hissing, whistling or buzzing to a low Otoacoustic emission to help educate sinus allergic rhinitis and Post-Nasal Drip secretions If you suffer from allergy. Tinnitus is the perception of noise or sounds in your ears when no external sound is present. They maintain healthy skin, eyes, muscle tone and support the functions of the liver and central nervous system. Also Check: How To Connect Phonak Hearing Aids To Iphone. With those side effects, you can lose a lot of B12 from your foods. 1998-2023 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). After two weeks, increase dosage by 50 mg each interval. Continue reading >>, All About Hearing Loss Many people think that having hearing loss is like listening to a radio set to a low volume the sound is simply not as loud. Accessed Dec. 22, 2020. I am not taking one side or the other here. Magnesium has been shown to relieve the severity of tinnitus symptoms. After seeing the flyer in the paper I decided to give Alternacare a try. In conclusion, drink your milk, eat your veggies and go play outside! Research has shown that tinnitus can be caused by a vitamin B12 deficiency. Tinnitus is Adults should get between 310 and 420 milligrams a day, according to the NIH. WebHere's what vitamin deficiencies cause ringing in the ears and how to deal with it. National Library of Medicines list You do not want both hearing and vision impaired, she notes. Arches Tinnitus Stress Formula consists of high potency B-Complex vitamin capsules containing all the vitamins within this grouping. The mineral magnesium is essential on the proper functioning in the tense coronary heart and program. Given its enormous contribution, its no surprise that low vitamin B12 levels can cause a variety of symptoms, including an unusual and constant sound in the ears. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Dosage. Flavor. Keywords. A change in medicine, a visit with a counselor or some methods to help you relax also may help you deal with the ringing. To me, it sounds like being in a country meadow at twilight in summer the noise is like "crickets," "cicadas," or "tree frogs." Given its enormous contribution, its no surprise that low vitamin B12 levels can cause a variety of symptoms, including an unusual and constant sound in the ears. The sounds you hear when you have tinnitus or ringing in your ears are not caused by external sounds, and other people usually cant hear them. We have 12 tutorials & chords about ear ringing for few seconds including images, pictures, photos, wallpapers, and more. But if Vitamins are taken excessively, it may be problematic for your ears. information and will only use or disclose that information as set forth in our notice of Such as chords, tabs, etc. They also stimulate muscle cells that allow us to move and keep our hearts beating. Strict vegetarians (vegans) who do not consume any foods of animal origin need to supplement with methylcobalamin since it comes almost exclusively from animal sources. Common signs and symptoms tartrate properties tapering off metoprolol side effects flonase over the mouthpiece from your mouth. Alternacare makes noguarantee of results and individual results may vary. It is the component of B vitamins that gives urine a yellow-green color. NAC is also believed to reduce the severity of tinnitus, a condition that causes ringing, buzzing, or other noises in the ears. Some causes of hearing loss are loud noise, medications that potentially damage the ear nerves, impacted ears, infections in the middle ear, and aging. Most of the sal 2013; doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60142-7. Despite the clear link between vitamin D and ear diseases, there is a lack of data regarding the influence of vitamin D on tinnitus. In an animal study, a calorie-restricted diet maintained the most acute hearing sensitivity, produced the fewest mitochondria DNA deletions and the least amount of hair cell losses when compared to vitamin C and vitamin E therapy. Products found on store shelves vary widely in cost and dosage and may not contain what the labels say. Noise Health. Williams points out that diabetes educators and medical management teams have traditionally been more focused on the long-term impact of diabetes on vision, but current data underscores the importance of protecting hearing as well. You May Like: What Is Poop In Sign Language. Her training in particular has focused on how to best communicate evidence-based medical guidelines and clinical trial results to the public. 10. Tinnitus also has a wide variety of causes and treatments, which is where vitamins and supplements can play a role. Described by many as a ringing in the ears, tinnitus is often caused by damage to the middle or inner ear. There is a problem with Here, we'll look at the common causes of tinnitus and which supplements and vitamins are connected to the condition. And what are some natural The pumping may sound louder near the ear vessels and create ringing sound. Lyme disease, fibromyalgia and meniere's disease can cause side effects, ringing of the ear. Scientists have found that eating foods high in magnesium like nuts, seeds, bananas, avocados and dark green leafy vegetables can help control the ringing sound. Mayo Clinic; 2019. Adequate levels of folic acid are essential for energy production, protein metabolism and the formation of red blood cells. Although treatment is still a puzzle, researchers have identified several possible causes to explain the ringing, buzzing, humming or roaring sound. According to medical website LiveStrong, B-12 is needed to produce myelin, the protective and insulative sheath surrounding nerves. Other types of drugs that can cause ringing in the ears are aspirin, anti-inflammatory drugs or some antibiotics. Accessed Oct. 11, 2022. The last bone in the middle ear chain is connected to a membrane covering a small opening called the oval window at one end of the cochlea, and the vibrations of this membrane cause waves in the fluids inside the cochlea. Medications.Some medicines may affect your ears. Foods high in magnesium include spinach, squash and pumpkin seeds, lima and black beans, quinoa and flaxseeds. Vitamin E Antioxidant boosts the flow of blood for the body like the ears. Common causes of tinnitus There are habits and common health issues, such as hearing loss, that can contribute to tinnitus. Researchers found that vitamin B12 injections improved tinnitus symptoms for people who had low vitamin B12 levels. To provide you with the most relevant and helpful information, and understand which https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/tinnitus. Group B received a placebo injection of 1 ml of saline. Noise-induced hearing loss and tinnitus can also be caused by listening to loud music through headphones or attending loud concerts frequently. Of note, natural does not necessarily mean safe. Its possible that some vitamins or supplements could interact with medications or have implications for medical procedures. How Does Fat Affect Insulin Resistance and Diabetes? It was originally extracted from spinach in 1941. Holiday Hours: We will be closed December 23 - 26 and December 31 - January 2. While calcium is the most critical mineral for healthy bone mass vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium from the things we consume. Pyridoxine supplements appear to be helpful for some tinnitus patients by providing a stabilizing effect on the nerves, both centrally and peripherally. Which is More Worse Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes? What we dont think about when we think about bone health are the tiny bones in our ears. Symptoms of B12 deficiency: B12 deficiencies often go overlooked as they can cause symptoms that can be mistaken for other conditions. If you are looking for ear ringing for few seconds youve come to the right place. Most tinnitus causes, though, do not have treatments, says Linda Dahl, MD, an otolaryngologist at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City. That said, B12 deficiency can present with balance issues. Researchers have found it safe over short periods of time, but keep in mind that it has not been studied over longer time periods. High-pitched ringing. Home of the Daily and Sunday Express. Its always best to check with a health care professional before taking any vitamin or supplement. Because there is no definitive or universal cause of tinnitus, it can be quite difficult to find a treatment that works for everyone. Sonofit - Best Natural Supplement for Ear Ringing Relief. Review/update the American Tinnitus Association. Many also have concentration difficulties. It is estimated that 15-20% of the population is deficient in methylcobalamin. Methods: The subjects were 42 patients with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus who had chronic tinnitus and had experienced tinnitus symptoms for a minimum of 6 months. By Barry Keate For this reason they are generally taken together. What Vitamin Deficiency Causes Ringing In The Ears. For example: "For noise-induced or age-related hearing loss, hearing aids can be programmed to mask the sound so the patient doesn't notice it as much. The inner ear, like the brain, does not have fat reserves or any source of stored energy. In fact, insulin resistance can be controlled to the point where diabetes never develops. WebIt is important to remember that intake of vitamin B12 may not make a noticeable difference until a week after you have started taking it. Those who have a B12 deficiency will find that they may experience problems with hearing noises that have no external cause, otherwise known as tinnitus. Tinnitus. Reduced Ringing and Buzzing. Much of this information comes from a paper published by Michael Seidman, MD who is one of the foremost tinnitus specialists in the US.10. Some research suggests that a vitamin B12 deficiency is related to tinnitus. National Academy Press, Washington DC, 1997. cyanocobalamin) need to be converted first into methylcobalamin in a two step process.Methylcobalamin donates methyl groups to the myelin sheath that insulates nerve fibers and regenerates damaged neurons. Your doctor will typically diagnose you with tinnitus based on your symptoms alone. The recommended daily allowance is 2.8 micrograms for adults, per the NIH, and there is no established upper intake level. Dont Miss: Ivy League Formula For Tinnitus Reviews. Doses above 2 grams per day can lead to irreversible neurological damage. Harvard Medical School: Tinnitus: Ringing in the ears and what to do about it, American Tinnitus Association: Understanding the Facts, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders: Tinnitus, Mayo Clinic: Tinnitus causes: Could my antidepressant be the culprit?, American Journal of Otolaryngology: Micronutrients in tinnitus: A National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey analysis, Ghana Medical Journal: The Role of Plasma Melatonin and Vitamins C and B12 in the Development of Idiopathic Tinnitus in the Elderly, American Tinnitus Association: The Allure of the Magic Pill: What Science Says About Dietary Supplements to Help Tinnitus, Drugs of the Future: Pharmacological Treatments for Tinnitus: New and Old, Office of Dietary Supplements: Vitamin B12, Noise and Health: Therapeutic role of Vitamin B12 in patients of chronic tinnitus: A pilot study, Kulak Burun Bogaz Ihtis Derg: Relationship between serum magnesium level and subjective tinnitus, Office of Dietary Supplements: Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs): Recommended Dietary Allowances and Adequate Intakes, Vitamins, Office of Dietary Supplements: Zinc, Johns Hopkins Medicine: Melatonin for Sleep: Does It Work?, Office of Dietary Supplements: Magnesium, University of Maryland Medical Center: Vitamin B12: Overview, Meniere's disease, which disturbs balance, Chronic conditions like diabetes, migraine and anemia, Aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen (Motrin) and naproxen (Aleve), Some antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin (Cipro), erythromycin (Ery-Tab) and tetracycline (Sumycin), Tricyclic antidepressants, including amitriptyline (Elavil), Chloroquine, quinine and other antimalarial drugs, Antiseizure medications such as carbamazepine (Tegretol) and valproic acid (Depakote), Cisplatin (Platinol) and some other cancer drugs, Certain intravenous diuretics such as bumetanide (Bumex) and furosemide (Lasix), Those with digestive disorders or a history of gastrointestinal surgery. If you are a Mayo Clinic patient, this could Tinnitus isnt a disorder or condition. THI before treatment showed larger numbers in scale 3 then 2, 1, 4 with no patients with scale 5.while THI after treatment showed larger numbers in scale 1 then 2 & 3 with no patients with scale 4 & 5. We are always here to help you. You may opt-out of email communications at any time by clicking on Vitamin B12 plays a role in many physiological functions, and while deficiencies are rare in younger people, as many as 20 percent of adults over the age of 60 may have too-low levels, per the NIH. Frequently being fatigued or stressed can also be a factor. WebVitamin B12 levels in patients with tinnitus and effectiveness of vitamin B12 treatment on hearing threshold and tinnitus B12 replacement treatment was not effective in these A colleague at work, a woman of my age, says to her it sounds like the electronic noises you hear under the high tension power lines out in the country. Diabetes and Depression: Can Depression Cause Diabetes? Your ear is a delicate structure The name of folic acid is derived from the Latin word folium, since this essential nutrient was first extracted from green leafy vegetables, or foliage. Extract of this plant was the most commonly used supplement in the 2018 ATA survey and is generally the most studied. Symptoms Of Diabetes Ringing In Ears the table below presents the major types of diabetes .A type of diabetes mellitus that is characterized by insulin resistance or desensitization and increased blood E11.00 is a specific ICD-10-CM diagnosis code ringing in ears dizziness nausea headache. It is a co-factor in facilitating the production of energy from foods. Tinnitus. 3. Does your life feel like a song played badly out of tune? In an article on Arches Tinnitus Formula we discussed the exact pharmacological actions of the ingredients used in Arches Tinnitus Formula that promote the reduction of tinnitus. Tunkel DE, et al. Sometimes a cause can't be found. I had enough energy to go to work and that was it! If you are a Mayo Clinic patient, this could People who have celiac disease and type II diabetes also have higher rates of nerve-damage related conditions like tinnitus. There is not one vitamin, mineral, or supplement that has been proven to treat tinnitus. Vitamin D deficiency and your hearing are related. Only you have the power to do that. Vitamin B12. We know from years of experience that stress will take a level three tinnitus (on a scale of 10) and turn it into a level seven, literally overnight. Over time, your tinnitus may bother you less. So, vitamin B12 might be helpful if your tinnitus is a All rights reserved. WebFind many great new & used options and get the best deals for Lipo Flavonoid Plus Ear Ringing 90 Caplets Expires 10/2024^. Subjective tinnitus scoring revealed improvement rates of 29 and 14% for the misoprostol and placebo groups, respectively. While the most common type of tinnitus, it is also the one for which one specific cause can rarely be identified. Some ringing in ears patients have found alleviation by taking Magnesium supplements under the charge of a Doctor. For many people, certain adjustments make the symptoms less bothersome. According to the NIH, those most at risk for a vitamin B12 deficiency include: Food sources of vitamin B12 include fish, meat, eggs and dairy products. Exposure to high blood sugar over a long time can damage the eighth cranial nerve, which is responsible for transmitting sound and balance information from your inner ear to the brain. In part, thats because tinnitus itself is a rather fluid ailment the ringing and buzzing in your eareven when not related to hearing losscan have a myriad of causes. Additional studies have shown that folic acid intake leads to a substantial reduction of birth defects such as spina bifida. This vitamin plays a very important role in numerous bodily functions, including nerves as well as metabolic processes. Used with Pyridoxine (B-6), it can also help lift the mood and fight depression. Your medical history, including any other health conditions you have, such as hearing loss, high blood pressure or clogged arteries (atherosclerosis), All medications you take, including herbal remedies. 8. Vitamins and supplements are not used routinely to treat tinnitus. Accessed Dec. 22, 2020. ringing in the ears; swelling of the face, fingers, feet, or lower legs; tightness in the chest; unusual tiredness or weakness; weight gain; Other side effects of Vitamin As well as ringing Which type of vitamins may make your tinnitus worse? Complications of Diabetes A Disease Affecting All Organs, Type 2 diabetes could be affecting half a million unaware Australians. In this problem the part of the ear in charge of sending signals to the brain gets harmed and given that the brain is unable to hear the sounds quite successfully, it begins to generate its own audios which landed on the ears of the victim as ringing bells. Appointments must be made 2 hours pr If this wasnt enough, I have been diagnosed as a diabetic, along with having high blood pressure and high cholesterol. Certainly not. As with many conditions associated with diabetes , tight blood sugar control and a solid diabetic management strategy can help you avoid hearing loss. I have a lot of stress and when I come home from work my body says what can I eat and it goes from What Are Diabetes Sores On Arms Cure Diabetes Naturally ::The 3 Step Trick that Reverses Diabetes Permanently in As Little as 11 Days. These sensations, also known as tinnitus, can be What Im suggesting is that you take a look at the foods on this list and consider if you might like to experiment with reducing or removing them from your diet for a trial period, say 7-30 days. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. Has the sound you hear been continuous, or does it come and go? As you get older, you lose a great deal of your ability to absorb B12 from your food through your intestine. Continue reading >>, Home / Tinnitus Symptoms / 10 Foods That Will Make Your Tinnitus Symptoms Worse 10 Foods That Will Make Your Tinnitus Symptoms Worse This list of 10 foods that will make your tinnitus symptoms worse is not a scientific study, by any measure. Researchers have been attempting to discover the answer to that question for years, though no clear favorite has been identified. Esmaili AA, et al. For some people, people with a vitamin B12 deficiency experienced significant improvement in tinnitus after being treated with weekly vitamin B12 shots for six weeks. Riboflavin helps in reducing stress and fatigue. Some people, however, get used to it and notice it less than they did at first. Etiology and diagnosis of tinnitus. Folic acid supplementation can mask a deficiency of methylmethylcobalamin (B-12). 71,No.2, 614S-620S, Feb. 2000. Almost immediately after consuming salt, blood flow is restricted to the ears, eyes and brain. What, if anything, seems to improve your symptoms? Deutsches Azteblatt International. If it does not prove helpful after 3-4 months, it will probably not improve tinnitus. Express. Yet there is a lack of evidence showing that it helps, and some of its ingredients could be more harmful than helpful. On top of that, I suffered with achy-ness all over, and stayed fatigued all the time. Additionally, it prevents nerve damage by contributing to the formation of the myelin sheath, which covers and insulates neurons from excessive electrical activity.
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