metcalfe and wiebe gave participants problems to solve
Kaplan and Simon's experiment presented different versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem. does have a clear identifiable solution. initial state.b. Identifying techniques of problem solving. Involves obstacles between one's current state and a desired goal, c. Has one and only correct or possible answer. Demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems EXPERIMENT 1 Method Subjects. >> Noticing that there is an analogous relationship between problems because most participants need prompting before they notice a connection. people arrive at the solution to an insight problem suddenly, but proceed more methodically t. The way the problem is represented can influence the ease of problem solving. endobj Demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. Seeing more efficient solutions to the problem. 21 0 obj search. The purpose of this experiment was to demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. Gestalt psychologists consider problem solving as a process involving reorganization or restructuring. b. are more likely to purchase meat advertised as 80% fat free than 20% fat. operators.c. >> Cassandra is using what approach to solve her problem? Holly was in her mother-in-law's kitchen preparing lunch for the family. intermediate states. Chapter 12 Questions | Means End Analysis | AssignGuru In this case, the police officer's judgments are biased by the operation of the, Given its definition, expected utility theory is most applicable to deciding whether to. Research in neuroeconomics has found that the function of the ________may be to deal with the cognitive demands of a given task, while the _____is responsible for handling emotional goals such as resenting an unfair outcome. Janet is alone in a room that contains a chair and a shelf with a book resting on top. Which of the following is not true about divergent thinking? c. understanding why the procedure works successfully. The purpose of this experiment was to ( Multiple Choice) Question 19 Amber lives in a housing development between two parallel streets that both connect to a freeway. /BaseFont /Helvetica-BoldOblique Kaplan & simon's exp., presented diff. b. had received training in creative thinking. The purpose of this experiment was to a. demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. /Encoding 16 0 R /Encoding 16 0 R cog proc Flashcards | Chegg.com How re-representing a problem can lead to a solution. /Name /F1 parity.d. We'll bring you back here when you are done. Amber lives in a housing development between two parallel streets that both connect to a freeway. In analogical problem solving, the_____ problem is the problem that an individual is trying to solve, and the ________ problem, which has been solved in the past, is used as a guide for reaching that solution. match box can be used as a container for tacks.b. Chapter 12 - Test Bank - Chapter 12 1. Janet is alone in a - Studocu Bonnie placed an order yesterday, and she expects to receive her order tomorrow. The purpose of the experiment was to demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. /Type /Font Warmth judgments on nearness to a solution ____ prior to the solution of an insight problem and _______prior to the solution of a non-insight problem. The purpose of this experiment was to a. demonstrate a difference between how people experience solving insight and non-insight problems. b. a person's mental set can hinder finding a solution to a problem. We weren't able to detect the audio language on your flashcards. surfacing, structuring, and generalizing.d. 4B Chapter 12 Flashcards | Chegg.com This experiment studies____ reasoning. Your textbook suggests that a trait that appears to be common to both mental illness and creativity is . In this new study, participants solve the following shoe problem before tackling the checkerboard problem. divergent thinking.d. The way the problem is represented can influence the ease of problem solving. The application of a(n)______ makes it easier to solve the "drinking beer" version of the Wason problem. /Differences [ 128/.notdef/quoteleft/quoteright/quotedblleft/quotedblright/emdash/bullet/.notdef Chapter 12 - Cognition Flashcards | Quizlet insight.d. surface; enhancec. Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the results of research on differences between how experts and novices solve problems?a. convergent thinking.b. has no correct answer.d. The sudden realization of a problem's solution Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. Ali's use of the cartons represents Phoenix Decorating Company is responsible for designing and building many of the floral floats seen in the Tournament of Roses parade every New Year's Day. This particular discussion suggests that____ may be more important than ____ in creative thinking. After the street to the south is re-opened, she continues to take the street to the north, even though it is a slightly longer route. She attempts to retrieve the book, but the shelf is a foot above her reach. A researcher records a brainstorming session in an industrial research and development department. as a matter of cognition). insightc. actions that take the problem from one state to another are known as: the elements of the problem space include all of the following EXCEPT: bring the problem solver closer & closer to the goal state. 26. a single correct answer. b. which people can be considered more creative in ability to solve problems. /Resources She notices that she feels more positive about her home when she drives home by the abandoned shacks, but she hates her home when driving past the fancy mansions with their large lawns. << She usually takes the street to the south when heading southbound on the freeway to work, but that street is closed for repairs for three months. intermediated. Which of the following is not true about divergent thinking? Continuing to take the street to the north represents ___________. 368 Tst 03 Flashcards | Chegg.com b. situationally-produced mental set, c. environmental functional fixedness. [Solved] Metcalfe and Wiebe (1987)gave Participants Problems That c. show that some problems are easier to solve than others. Acrobats must be of equal weightd. You are concerned about the detrimental effects of smoking on his health, and you raise that concern to him. /Name /F3 After a substantial list has been created, they then go through every idea and rate its merits or deficits, until they come up with the best idea to pitch to the corporate sponsor. of a problem that keeps them from arriving at a solution as a major obstacle to successful problem solving. This is an example of the bias. /Encoding 16 0 R The purpose of this experiment was to a) Show that some problems are easier to solve than others. /Encoding 16 0 R The purpose of this experiment was to: demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight. c. bring the problem solver closer and closer to the goal state. /Type /Encoding /Type /Font creating subgoals, In Kaplan and Simon's experiment, they presented different versions of the mutilated checker-board problem. prototype; targetd. When she was ready to dish up the soup, she searched all the cupboards and drawers for a ladle but couldn't find one. When a tsunami happens, and an oceanic and continental plate collide, which plate is pushed underneath? Functional fixedness would be LOWEST for a: Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. surface and deep structures.d. /.notdef/exclamdown/cent/sterling/currency/yen/brokenbar/section The purpose of this experiment was to : . /Subtype /Type1 c. confuse the ideas of validity and truth. tan\tantan(-u) = _____. has a large number of potential solutions.c. Curious is doing a follow-up study to the mutilated checkerboard problem experiment. intermediate states.b. Gick and Holyoak consider which of the following to be the most difficult step to achieve in the process of analogical problem solving? mental sets. c. the same for accepted and rejected offers. She has noticed that people from upper Manhattan walk really fast, but people from lower Manhattan tend to walk slowly. >> demonstrate a difference between how people. structural features.d. Gestalt psychologist consider problem solving as a process involving: the circle problem, in which the task is to determine the length of a line inside a circle was proposed to illustrate: the sudden realization of a problem's solution. Later, she analyzes the recorded discussions, identifying certain problem-solving techniques. /Type /Font >> using a juice glass as a container for OJ. According to your text, the key to solving the Wason four-card problem is, One reason that most people do not easily solve the original (abstract) version of the Wason four-card problem is that they. PDF Memory & Cognition 1987, 15(3), 238-246 Intuition in insight and Newell and Simon were early pioneers in designing computer programs that could solve problems. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. endobj b. ability to work well with a group of others. /Type /Font A syllogism is valid if the conclusion follows logically from the two premises. Quiz 12 - Problem Solving Flashcards | Quizlet The correct option is b). was to: demonstrate a diff. The purpose of the experiment was to; Answer show how people progress through the problem space as they solve a problem. 6 : Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make warmth judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution .The purpose of this experiment was to Glinda is sure that if her boyfriend proposes, she will feel elation. well- and ill-defined problems. Give Me Liberty! Two-string problemc. Finke's creating an object studies show that people were more likely to come up w/ creative uses for pre-inventive objects is they: How do cognitive psychologists approach researching the way people solve problems? When the process of analogical problem solving was applied to the fortress and radiation problems, which of the following represented the mapping step of this process? << a. prior learning facilitating problem solving. >> is open-ended.b. Ali works for Citrus Squeeze, a company that makes orange juice. c. misjudge homicide as more prevalent in the U.S. than suicide. /Name /F2 Which of the following provides the best example of functional fixedness? In the movie Apollo 13, astronauts aboard a damaged spacecraft have to build a carbon dioxide filter out of random items that are aboard the ship with them. In this new study, participants solve the following shoe problem before tackling the checkerboard problem. ill-definedb. << a. what information a person is attending to while solving a problem. /Subtype /Type1 Experts possess more knowledge about their fields than novices. Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of a problem? b. are influenced by the atmosphere effect. The solution to the candle problem involves realizing that the Illustrative of functional fixedness, people are more likely to solve the candle problem if A ______ string led to a restructured representation in the two-string problem. hw7 | Quiz 1. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser. well-definedd. Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the results of research on differences between how experts and novices solve problems? Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked the to make "warmth" judgments every 15 sec. ] Illustrative of functional fixedness, people are more likely to solve the candle problem if. The best description of the purpose of think-aloud protocols is that they are used to determinea. experience and sometimes do not. analogiesb. Jonas's belief in the jacket's cosmic ability is an example of, 8. intermediate state.b. Cognitive Psych Ch. 12 (Problem Solving) Book Questions - Quizlet >> stationaryb. candle can be cut in half.d. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. laboratory and real-world settings.c. d. subjective utility values following a decision. metcalfe and wiebe gave participants problems to solve ill-defined; Gestaltb. the best description of the purpose of think-aloud protocols is that they are used to determine: what info. The ability to transfer experience from one problem solving situation to a similar problem is known asa. problem 1 can be solved by b-a-2c and works for all problems however. compared performance with 2 groups and gownd the second group used short we solution for 7 and 8 where only 23 in first group used faster problem =, mental set created by solving proems 1-6 inhibited them from sing the simple solution for 7 and 8 =, newell and simon 1972 saw problems in terms of, conceived the problem solving as involving a sequence of choices of step with each step creating an intermediate state =, initial state, goal state and all intermediate states, all possible configurations of discs on pegs =, according to newell and simon participant has to search the problem space to find a solution and one way to direct the search is to use strategy called, reduce the difference between initial and goal states and is achieved by sbgoals, intermediate states that are closer to the goal, problem solving involved searching for the best possible solution or the one hat creates the least amount of difference =, difficult tp specify a clear goal state many real lief problems, problems that have a correct answer usually procedures when applied will lead to a solution, technique of using the solution to a similar problem to guide solution of a new problem, how people can transfer their experience from solving one problem to solving another similar problem, to study enological transfer participants who are trying to solve a __________ presented with a story or problem called _____ illustrates a way to solve target problem, radiation and cancer tumor - doctor faced with problem o get rid of tumor but can only get rid of it using high intensity radiation but the healthy tissue will be destroyed if use such intensity what do you do, 10% of participants arrived at solution to bombard tumor with number of low intensity rays from different directions which decoyed tumor without damaging tissue the rays are passing through =, specific elements that make up the problem such as the rays and the tumor this makes noticing difficult because people tend to focus on surface features, underlying principle that governs the solution 0 weak rays used to avoid damaging healthy tissue, structural features in tick and holyoak 1980 =, weak rays used to avoid damaging healthy tissue, by making surface features more similar it helps participants notice the relationship between source story and target story =. She decided to wait until her mother-in-law returned to ask her, Which of the following provides the best example of functional fixedness?a. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked the to make "warmth" judgments every 15 sec. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 25 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. knottedd. sensory operators.d. Newell and Simon were early pioneers in designing computer programs that could solve problems. One of the students, Miguel, is leaving early, so the teacher tells him to grab his shoes and report to the lobby. /Subtype /Type1 Seagull Edition, ISBN 9780393614176; Chapter 1 Notes; Criminology Notes Ch 1; ECO 201 - Chapter 1 Notes; TB-Chapter 16 Ears - These are test bank questions that I paid for. Curious is studying the effect of _____, In analogical problem solving, the _____ problem has higher difficulty than the _____ problem.a. b/t how people solve insight & non-insight problems. well-defined; information processing. When the "abstract" version of the Wason four-card problem is compared to a "concrete" version of the problem (in which beer, soda, and ages are substituted for the letters and numbers). Greg's friend, Matt, didn't believe his story because Matt knew that tuna are salt-water fish and aren't found in ponds. This is an example of using reasoning. d. degree of risk aversion one has. algorithms.c. /Encoding 16 0 R mental set, When the process of analogical problem solving was applied to the fortress and radiation problems, which of the following represented the mapping step of this process?a. a single correct answerd. 38. On the first day he went out wearing the new garment, he found a $50 bill on the sidewalk outside of his office. Observation: Here in Nashville, the sun has risen every morning. Likening the dangerous mines to the dangerous tumorb. << Greg was recounting a fishing tale of the one that got away: "I had a huge ahi tuna on my line. . The elements of the problem space include all of the following EXCEPT Bring the problem solver closer and closer to the goal state. sourceb. operatorsc. This problem demonstrates mental set, which is a preconceived notion about how to approach a problem, all the possible states before a problem is solved, how people represent a problem in their mind, solving a problem involves reorganization or restructuring. The purpose of this experiment was to. lightbulbb. 14 0 obj /BaseFont /Helvetica Mental Set How will Janet retrieve the book? [Solved] Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and colorc. targetc. The radiation problem was used in your text to illustrate the role of ____ in problem solving. Psychologists would NOT classify this scenario as a proble, Ill-defined problems are so named because it is difficult to specify _____ for the problems.a. their research program was based on the idea that problem solving is a process that involves: the Tower or Hanoi problem is an example of a(n) ____ problem that has been analyzed using the ____ approach. /degree/plusminus/twosuperior/threesuperior/acute/mu/paragraph/periodcentered c. buy first class or coach tickets for a spring break trip. event-specific knowledge. The lengths of the sides of a triangle are given. b. match box can be used as a shelf. Gick and Holyoak consider which of the following to be the most difficult step to achieve in the process of analogical problem solving? /Subtype /Type1 Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. Participants in the ____ group had the fastest response time. does NOT have a clear identifiable solution, frequently occur in everyday life. noticing, mapping, and applying.c. 5 0 obj endobj Classify the triangle as acute, right, or obtuse. See Page 1. It is difficult to apply means-end analysis to an insight problem because it is difficult to define ____ for an insight problem.a. In Belilock and Carr's study of the relationship between working memory capacity and problem solving, individuals with high working memory capacity performed best in the ________ condition. /Parent 2 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 610 789 ] Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. Her mother-in-law later explained that the ladle had been broken, so she told Holly to use a coffee mug to "spoon" the soup into bowls. exemplar; source. representation and restructuring.d. The fortress problem involves a fortress and marching soldiers, while the radiation problem involves a tumor and rays. Metcalfe and Wiebe (1987)gave participants problems that required insightful solutions and problems that could be answered using incremental problem-solving techniques.While attempting to solve problems,they asked the participants to report if they felt they were getting closer to the answer,using a hot-cold scale.Reports that they were getting "warm" predicted the ability to solve: Lydia is 48 years old, single, outspoken, and very bright. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. Quiz 12: Problem Solving | Quiz+ 4 0 obj PDF Intuitive Feelings of Warmth and Confidence in Insight and Noninsight rise suddenly just; gradually r. Functional fixedness would be LOWEST for a(n)a. novel object.b. initial state.d. b. multiple goal states.c. They found the ________ version to be more effective, because it had ______ features in common with the radiation problem. candle can be oriented horizontally or diagonally. - insight problem solvers are not aware of how close they are to the solution. realization of the solution is sudden. d. mental sets. think-aloud p, The text's discussion of the research on in-vivo problem solving highlighted that ____ play(s) an important role in solving scientific problems.a. fewer tacks are provided.b. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. Therefore, the two problems have very different Holyoak and Koh presented different versions of the light bulb problem to assist in solving the radiation problem. c. how to develop computer programs that best mimic human problem solving. gradually rise; gradually riseb. >> /Type /Font 40. How will Janet retrieve the book? Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. Which of the following is not part of a complete definition of a problem? means-end analysisb. With the cartons, Ali made several bird feeders for his backyard and also planted tree seedlings in some of them; he used the remaining ones to build a "fort" for his four-year-old son. are better at reasoning in generalc. Some were measures of a kind of interpretive problem called "divergent thinking," or the capacity to concoct many responses to a problem. The solution to the candle problem involves realizing that the. the purpose of the exp. My brain is best Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards; Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card; audio not yet available for this language, Janet is alone in a room that contains a chair and a shelf with a book resting on top. When the process of analogical problem solving was applied to the fortress and radiation problems, which of the following represented the mapping step of this process? Metcalfe & Wiebe gave participants problems to solve & asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. /Encoding 16 0 R Bring the problem solver closer and closer to the goal state. /Type /Font Gestalt psychologists consider problem solving as a process involvinga. Making probable conclusions based on evidence involves_____ reasoning. structural features.c. /F5 7 0 R Metcalfe and Wiebe found that heat levels gradually increased before people found an adequate solution to the former type of problem, whereas the latter type of problem called "incremental" problems. move the solver directly from the initial state to the goal state.c. Therefore, the two problems have very different. Josiah is trying to decide whether or not to take a new job in a new city. a. descriptive information that is inconsistent with base rate information. They are unable to. d. can cite several reasons for their position on a controversial issue but none for the opposing side. c. inductive reasoning based on observations of multiple, specific cases. Which of the following is an operator for the acrobat problem?a. What fraction of 105 is 513?5 \frac{1}{3} ?531? what information a person is attending to while solving a problem.b. Experts often organize problems differently than novices, based on principles. /.notdef/.notdef/quotesinglbase/quotedblbase/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef Functional fixedness would be LOWEST for a(n) _______ identified people's tendency to focus on a specific characteristic of a problem that keeps them from arriving at a solution as a major obstacle to successful problem solving. 3 0 obj Finke's "creating an object" experiment had participants create a novel object by combining parts. Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the results of research on differences between how experts and novices solve problems? endobj Being an expert in one field can transfer to better problem solving in another field. His factory still had three cases of cartons, and Ali was told he could take them if he wanted them. /Subtype /Type1 d. Lydia is a state governor and active in the feminist movement. This research is an example of ____ research.a. Janet is alone in a room that contains a chair and a shelf with a book resting on top. 7 0 obj Ill-defined problems are so named because it is difficult to specify ________ for the problems. Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the results of research on differences between how experts and novices solve problems? has a correct answer. d. It has a single correct answer. >> 19 - Foner, Eric. b. show how people progress through the . low-pressureb. Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the results of research on differences between how experts and novices solve problems? Amber lives in a housing development between two parallel streets that both connect to a freeway.
